English Regents free essay sample

Books can cast a weird spell over you. It’s the closeness of being allowed into such subtleties of a character’s emotions and being that attracts you to peruse The familiarity of the composition and the show, chivalry, and interest displayed by the characters can nearly be a lot for an individual. The unadulterated intensity of writing now and again wont permit you to save the book and leave the characters life. The fascination and connection of people to anecdotal characters through perusing is found in the sonnet â€Å"The Reader† by Richard Wilbur and a selection from the short story â€Å"A General in the Library† by Italo Calvino. The Reader† by Richard Wilbur is a sonnet wherein a young lady returns and re peruses books of her youth. It is practically similar to she is having a flashback despite the fact that she is perusing the books in the present. The characters that she knew and identified with as a kid currently returned flooding. We will compose a custom exposition test on English Regents or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She reviewed their accounts and right away got embedded go into the hardships of the characters. She not just knew who each character was, she knew their yearnings and breakdowns. She didn't simply find out about poor vagrants, she considered them to be â€Å"Orphans going after a first handhold in a stony world. † It was practically similar to the peruser was having a revelation. She was abruptly enlightened to the lives of the characters she had once known. The perusers connection developed still to her books. Since she definitely knew the destiny of her characters she was stuck in a conundrum of sorts. She comprehended what had occurred and what will occur, yet there was nothing she could do to spare her cherished characters. She sees their first and only selves on the double. † She realizes what â€Å"will become of them in wicked field, or Tuscan nursery. † But despite the fact that she comprehends what will occur, and tha they in the long run will meet their end she is as yet snared. The show and energy of having a window into another â€Å"persons† life is overpowering and amazing. That is the intensity of a book, The first ob jective of General Fedina in â€Å"A General in the Library† was to blue pencil the library and channel out books that restricted Pandurian principals.

Philosophy of Human Person Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reasoning of Human Person - Essay Example The analyst expresses that Socrates researches various impacts about the everlasting status of the spirit in an offer to show that there exists an existence in the wake of death with the spirit abiding in the afterlife. He does this by connecting with his two companions, theSimmias and Thebans Cebes, in a discussion. Among the significant subjects in Phaedo is a thought that proposes the spirit be undying. Socrates presents four contentions about the soul’s interminability. The first being The Opposites Argument or Cyclical contention. This clarifies since the structures are outer and perpetual, the spirit is worried about bringing life henceforth it should kick the bucket. It is likewise answered to be essentially enduring. The presence of the body as mortal through the coercion to physical demise implies the spirits ought to be its inverse. Plato proposed the resemblance of cold and fire with cold being long-lasting and fire its definite inverse. He saw that everything origi nated from its inverse. For example a tall man just gets tall in the wake of being short previously. Life being inverse to death, our practically equivalent to reason gives the idea that as the living once become dead, so should dead get living. Demise and life are in a ceaseless cycle such that passing is certifiably not a changeless end. The subsequent contention is that of the hypothesis of memory. People have a non-hypothetical information during childbirth. This is to imply that the spirit was in presence route before birth to help us in conveying that information. The hypothesis bears another record found in Plato’s Meno however Socrates deduces past information on everything. The contention depends significantly on the way that learning is a demonstration of memory of the things we knew before birth yet we overlooked them. We can pass judgment on two sticks to be equivalent long however varying in width in view of the natural understanding we have about uniformity.

The Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Cash Advances

The Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Cash Advances The Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Cash Advances The Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Cash AdvancesPawning your valuables for some quick cash is a safer bet than taking out a predatory payday loan, but youre still putting a lot at risk.Pawn shops are a common sight in pretty much every American town or city. But what do you actually know about pawn shops? Other than watching a couple episodes of Pawn Stars, do you know how pawn shops actually work? If you were in a financial bind, would you choose to turn to one for a quick  cash advance?If you don’t know the answers to those questions, you’ve come to the right page. We’ll lay out how pawn shops and their cash advance products work, and well also break down the pros and cons of a pawn shop loan compared to similar types of financial products. It won’t be as fun as Pawn Stars, but it’ll be a heck of a lot more informative.How do pawn shops work?It helps to think of a pawn shop the way you would any other lender. They lend you an amount of money that you then have to repay plus i nterest. The loans they issue are secured loans, which means they use a valuable piece of property as collateral.One of the big differences between a pawn shop and a regular lender is that you actually bring your collateral to them and they hold on to it until the loan is repaid. If you can’t pay them back, they simply put the item up for sale in their shop. With an auto or mortgage loan, you can maintain possession of the house or car that’s securing the loan. But with a pawn shop loan, that isn’t so.Another difference with pawn shop cash advance is that your collateral isn’t something massive like a car or a house, it’s something small, like a piece of jewelry or a TV or a vintage comic book. And while some small items can have a very high value, most of them are worth much less than a car or a house. As such, the amount you’ll borrow from a pawn shop is much smaller compared than the amount youll borrow with traditional personal loans.What are the terms for a pawn sho p cash advance?While the amount you can borrow from a pawnshop will depend on what item you use as collateral, it is common for the broker to only offer you a fraction of the items full value. According to the National Pawnbrokers Association, the average pawn shop loan is only $150.Pawn shop cash advances are designed to be short-term loans. And while the laws that govern pawn shops vary from state to state, the standard pawn shop loan term is around one month. That means you have one month to pay your loan back plus interest before the pawn shop can put your item up for sale.Those short terms can make it difficult for people to pay their cash advance back on time. Additionally, these loans aren’t designed to be paid off in series of payments like an installment loan. Instead, they are meant to be paid back all at once, similar to short-term payday loans. That lump-sum repayment can also make paying your loan back more difficult.And then there are the interest rates, which are mu ch higher than the rates for standard loans, despite the pawn shop brokers literally holding onto the borrower’s collateral in the event they don’t repay. While interest rates for pawn shop loans vary state to state, the experts at Nolo.com state that pawn shops often charge anywhere from 15 percent to 240 percent interest on their products, depending on state and local laws. Plus, many shops can add additional fees and charges on top of that.What are the pros of a pawn shop cash advance?When it comes to securing some quick cash for emergency expenses, pawn shop cash advances have a few real advantages over other small-dollar loans.No credit check, no credit worries. While there are many types of no credit check loans  out there that dont care about your credit scoreâ€"and even many bad credit loans that will still run a soft check on your creditâ€"all those loans could still harm your score if you don’t pay them back. Pawn shop cash advances, however, do not run that risk. If the loan isn’t paid back, the pawn shop won’t send you to a debt collector who then reports your account to the credit bureaus. Instead, they’ll just sell your collateral.Relatively lower interest rates. Even though pawn shop loans have very high interest rates, they are still much cheaper relative to payday and title loans, which can have APRs that average 300 percent or higher. If you have bad credit or no credit, this loan is a cheaper alternative to predatory payday lending.Get in, get cash, get out. Most no credit check lenders and cash advance shops will get you your money quickly, and pawn shops are no exception. And youll almost always get your money faster through a pawn shop than you will with an online loan. If you need to come up with a couple hundred dollars, and you only have a matter of hours, then heading on down to your local pawn shop is an easy way to get the cash you needâ€"assuming, of course, that you have an item valuable enough to secure the funds.Whil e pawn shop loans aren’t going to secure you a lot of money and could lead to you paying more than you originally borrowed in fees and interest, they are a pretty handy way to get cash in a hurryâ€"and don’t pose nearly as much of a financial threat as predatory payday loans.What are the cons of a pawn shop cash advance?Still, while pawn shop loans might have a leg up on other types of predatory loans, that doesn’t mean that they’re all sunshine and puppy dogs. They still pose a serious financial risk, and in many instances can be considered predatory loans themselves.Revving up the debt cycle. With short-term loans like these, there is a good chance that you won’t be able to pay the loan back on time. In cases like that, pawn shops will often let you extend your due date in return for additional fees or interest. This can lead to a predatory cycle of debt, wherein you’re constantly throwing more money at your cash advance loan without ever getting closer to paying off t he loan itself.Those interest rates are still super high. The point of securing a loan with collateral is that it makes lending that money less risky for the lender. If the borrower doesn’t pay them back, the collateral ensures it won’t be a total loss. And less risk for the lender usually translates to lower rates for the borrower. It’s a win-win. But a pawn shop cash advance isn’t like that. Despite the pawn shop risking very little in issuing the loan, many of them are still charging APRs between 15 and 240 percent. These are only a win-win if you’re the lender. They win either way.You can’t borrow that much. As we mentioned before, the amount you’ll be able to borrow with a pawn shop cash advance will depend on the value of the item that you’re pawning. But the fact remains that you’ll only receive a fraction of what that item’s really worth. With an average loan size of only $150, pawn shop cash advances don’t make for a great solution to emergency expense s. Given the cost of living these days, a couple hundred bucks won’t get you very far at all.You risk losing your stuff. While pawn shop loans don’t hold a candle to title loans, which put you at risk of using your car, you are still putting your valuables at risk when you pawn an item for some extra cash. If it’s something you don’t care about seeing again, then you don’t need to worry. But if it’s a valuable family heirloom or a pricey piece of electronics, then you run the real risk of never seeing it again, especially with how difficult these loans can be to repay.Pawn shop loans might be a safer option than a predatory payday loan, but they still come with plenty of downsides all their own. If you need quick cash to pay for an unexpected or emergency expenses, odds are that a pawn shop isn’t going to cut it.To learn more about borrowing money with bad credit, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Payday Loan Rollover: How Short-Term Loans Turn I nto Long-Term DebtWant to Avoid No Credit Check Loans? Build an Emergency FundCan a Bad Credit Loan Help Raise Your Credit Score?Have you ever used a pawn shop? Did you have a good or a bad experience? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Literary Techniques in Joyce Carol Oates Where are you...

Imagine yourself on a nice, sunny day. You are sitting outside in a lawn chair waiting for you hair to dry when suddenly, a boy comes to ask you to take you out. Joyce Carol Oates presents this image in â€Å"Where Are You Going? Where Have You Been?† Not only is this a famous short story, it also presents symbols, motifs, and themes that people who read the story can relate to. Oates shows teenage rebellion and bliss in her short story. The title can provide significance with the relationship between Connie and Arnold Friend. Oates provides themes in the story that makes the reader wonder where Connie is going with her life including her independence, her maturity, and her world that’s fantasy against reality. The idea of maturity is presented through the main character, Connie. Maturity is one of the themes presented, and even though Connie tries so hard to be an adult, she still shows childlike ways. When Connie is shopping, Joyce portrays Connie as having a â€Å"walk that could be childlike and bobbing, or languid enough to make anyone think she was hearing music in her head† (324). She also portrays an inner child conscious when it comes to her mother. Connie believes that her mother was simple and it was cruel to be able to trick her so easily. Even though her childlike ways show in the story, she also shows moments where her maturity is real. While Connie and her friends are going shopping, a boy in their high school invites them over to his car. Through the girls’ point ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been1312 Words   |  6 PagesWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†, is one of the many short stories written by Mrs. Joyce Carol Oates that has become highly recognized. It was inspired by a magazine story about a serial killer. It quickly it became very popular andwas even the basis for the 1985 hit movie, â€Å"SmoothTalk†. Like many other short stories and novels written by Joyce Carol Oates, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† is a story thatRead MoreVerbal Irony In Harry Potter1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oxford Dictionary of English defines irony as a literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character s words or actions is clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character. Irony― the difference between appearance and reality ―is a literary device evident throughout all literature as either situational irony, dramatic irony, or verbal irony. Surprising readers, situational irony contradicts the expected outcome of the story. ForRead MoreHarveys Dream and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1707 Words   |  7 Pageswill be analyzing and comparing is â€Å"Harvey’s Dream† by Stephen King, and â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates. These two stories are similar in many ways, and they can be compared critically based on their diction, point of view, similarities in narration, characterization, tone, et cetera. Though the stories are from different authors and have different plots, by comparing their literary techniques, their similarities can be unearthed. Stephen King’s â€Å"Harvey’s Dream†Read MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pagesreading Joyce Carol Oates’ short story â€Å"Where are you going, where have you been?† and Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† readers will dismiss the idea of the existence of any similarity in the stories of a fifteen year old girl and a grandmother. However, upon closer inspection, it is easy to appreciate how these two seemingly polar opposites are actually structured to invoke the same feelings in readers and to explore the same concepts. A close examination of â€Å"Where are you goingRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado2158 Words   |  9 PagesEdgar Allan Poe; a famous all American Poet, short story writer and critic. Some of his most famous writings include Raven and The Cask of Amontillado. His writings all include horror or some type of mystery. Edgar did n ot have the â€Å"white picket fence† type of life. His was like riding on a rollercoaster, full of difficulties, but he turned out to be a writing genius. But I think that alcohol, and unsupportive family impacted Poe’s writing style, as well as the difficulties in his life. EdgarRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 Pageswoods of Mississippi to the town of Natchez. The story won an O. Henry Prize the year it was published and later appeared in Weltys collection The Wide Net. Since then, it has been frequently anthologized. At first the story appears simple, but its mythic undertones and ambiguity gives a depth and richness that has been praised by critics. Welty has said that she was inspired to write the story after seeing an old African−American woman walking alone across the southern landscape. In A Worn PathRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 Pageswoods of Mississippi to the town of Natchez. The story won an O. Henry Prize the year it was published and later appeared in Weltys collection The Wide Net. Since then, it has been frequently anthologized. At first the story appears simple, but its mythic undertones and ambiguity gives a depth and richness that has been praised by critics. Welty has said that she was inspired to write the story after seeing an old African−American woman walking alone across the southern landscape. In A Worn Path

Free Will and Libertanianism View - 1101 Words

Whether or not humans have free will is a very popular question. This is because everyone wants to know if the decisions they make are truly theirs or if their decisions matter at all. If everything is predetermined then what you choose wouldn’t matter because it would be bound to happen regardless of if you chose it or not. Without free will many people believe that life would have less meaning to it. With free will comes power and importance. Having the ability to choose what will happen gives humans the possibility of making an impact on the world. As well, people do not really like the idea of having their whole life pre-planned without their input. It is almost impossible to say if humans have free will or not. Without concrete evidence there is no proof that we do or do not have free will and it will most likely stay this way for some time to come. I have a libertarianism view when it comes to whether or not humans have free will. I believe in the possibility of free wil l and I do not accept determinism. Free will is defined as the ability to make decisions at your own discretion. Determinism is defined as the events of the past, in conjunction with the laws of nature, necessitate every event in the future. What determinism means is that past events and the laws of nature are the factors that dictate what decision will be chosen. The libertarianism view accepts incompatibilism. Incompatibilism states that free will and determinism are incompatible and cannot work

Decision Making Free Essays

Decision-Making Decision-Making Decision-making introduction Excellent decision-making is an essential tool used for management and leadership within an organization. It is important that an organization learns to make appropriate and well-considered decisions; in return the manager will lead the team to spectacular and well deserved success. However, poor decisions made can lead to failure. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now Decision-making is essential to organizations across the globe, especially the health care. When decisions are made in the healthcare effective communication tools are essential for success. Decision-making is a crucial element within the healthcare. This paper will analyze and discuss a rational decision-making process that would be appropriate for a healthcare organization, along with providing quality and risk management tools that will assist the healthcare leaders. Healthcare decision-making According to BusinessDictionary. com decision-making is defined as, â€Å"The thought process of selecting a logical choice from the available options. When trying to make a good decision, a person must weigh the positives and negatives of each option, and consider all the alternatives† (BusinessDictionarty. com, 2012). Decision-making is key to a successful healthcare organization. According to David H. Hickam decision aids are, â€Å"tools that help individuals become involved in decision-making by providing information about the options, outcomes, and by clarifying personal values† (Hickam, 2010, p699/para1). Effective management decision- making takes on the responsibly in a chaotic and difficult healthcare environment. These daily but important decisions facility members make can be life or death for their patients. That is why it is important for healthcare leaders to take on the responsibility of developing quality and risk management tools that suit their organization. These tools and strategies ensure that facility members develop an excellent decision-making skill that allows the healthcare to runs effectively. A great example of decision-making process within the healthcare would be SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis plays an important role within the success of a healthcare organization. It helps healthcare facilities identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the organization (MarketingTeacher. com, 2012. These tools help specific and critical thinking to improve objectives and strategy planning. Healthcare quality management tools When running a smooth and successful healthcare organization quality management tools are an important aspect when dealing with decision-making. One tool in particular that helps decision-making would be flowcharts. When the healthcare uses SWOT analysis flowcharts are a visual aid that represents graphical and/or maps. A flowchart allows the organization to see their improvements and/or failures. For example flowcharts could represent the amount of money the organization spent within the past six months. This allows the facility to be involved and aware of their expenses. It also helps organize, solve problems, or miscommunication, and determine if it is logical. This will help bring light redundancies, cut meet deadlines, delays, and indirect pathways. Healthcare risk management tools On the other hand, risk management tools play an important role in the process of decision-making as well. One tool essential in the process of decision-making is risk analysis because analysis in risk management is used to evaluate the incidents. When the healthcare uses SWOT analysis it helps identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the organization to help keep the organization successful. When evaluating incidents within healthcare organizations facility members can convert back to their SWOT analysis, by evaluating the situation members can determine whether it is a weaknesses or threat to the organization. Risk analysis is based on a structured approach to thinking though threats, which than is followed by an evaluation of the possibility and cost of events that have occurred (Mind Tool, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, decision-making is an important aspect in healthcare organization. SWOT analysis plays a key role in decision-making as well. It allows the healthcare facilities to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats within the organization. There are also many quality and risk management tools that help the SWOT analysis and decision-making process run smoothly and successful. Reference BusinessDictionary. com. (2012). Decision Making. Retrieved from http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/decision-making. html MarketingTeacher. com. (2012). Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) Retrieved from http://marketingteacher. com/lesson-store/lesson-swot. html   Mind Tools. (2012). Risk analysis. Retrieved from http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newTMC_07. htm Hickam, D. H. (2010). Medical Decision Making. Decision Aids: Evolving From Novelties to Effective Communication Tools. Retrieved from http://mdm. sagepub. com/content/30/6/699. full. pdf+html How to cite Decision Making, Papers Decision Making Free Essays Decision Making Based on Mission and Vision of an Organization This case study deals with leadership, decision making, and effective communication. Also, how important it is for a President and the staff to work together in a team to solve a problem. Not every decision is the correct resolution, but there are better decisions made when there is a group effort. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now This discussion will be completed through an analysis of the case study on decision making based on Mission and Vision of an Organization. This discussion will determine the best decision making method, the final decision by the President, and how the decision will be communicated to the staff and the public. Community Medical Center is a medical facility dedicated to providing quality patient care with unrelenting attention to clinical excellence, patient safety and an unparalleled passion and commitment to assure the very best healthcare for those we serve. The decision for the President to decide about the case of an operating room nurse, who may have HIV/AIDS, would definitely be a difficult decision. The President needs to provide a news release in 24 hours, and this will put more pressure on making a quick resolution. This would be a difficult task and there is not much time to make a decision. The best solution would be to review the mission statement that the President has utilized, and review the decision making models that will help influence the best decision. Also, a meeting would need to take place with the staff to help decide the best way in figuring out a solution in 24 hours. The decision making models that will help the President in this situation are the Willful Choice Decision-Making Model and the Garbage Can Model. These models will help identify the issue and determine potential solutions. The Willful Choice Decision-Making Model is the first recommendation to help the President and the staff in determining the best solution. According to Johnson (2009) here are the six steps of the willful choice model. 1. Identify the problem 2. Collect data 3. List all possible solutions 4. Text possible solutions 5. Select the best course of action . Implement the solution based on the decision made (Johnson, 2009, p. 215). This is a very systematic approach that can help the President focus on the key issues in the decision making process. The problem is the nurse who contracted HIV/AIDS and how the hospital is at risk of losing the staff, and patients who will be transported to Community Medical Center’s local rival hospital. The President could gather t he data and determine the outcome from each solution. The options are to remove the nurse from his position by relocating the employee to a non-patient area. Although, the nurse refused this offer and wants to continue working the same position. This appears to be an acceptable offer and the employee would continue working and receiving the same pay. The President and the staff would need to select the best course of action, and implement the solution within 24 hours. Another problem is the concern of national media exposure by a main local newspaper. This would cause a major concern by patients and families and hurt the strong reputation of the hospital and the quality of the medical care (Johnson, 2009). The President and the staff have a dilemma where it appears that either option will affect the hospital, staff, and patients. In addition, there is only 24 hours to come up with a decision. Next, the members of the organization need to determine the best course of action, and to implement the best solution. There are four basic principles that are made by choice. They are unambiguous, probability and knowledge of consequences, a rational and consistent priority system for alternative ordering, and heuristics or decision rules to choose an alternative (Johnson, 2009, p. 15). The President and the staff need to look at what the consequences will be for each scenario. They can make a decision by analyzing both situations and determine the probability for each consequence. The President needs to communicate effectively with the staff and this individual needs to be an active listener when deciding how to resolve this problem. The team needs to be able to voice their opinion, and everyone needs to agree with their final decision. If the President needs to provide a news release, He would need to have the ability to communicate effectively. The team needs to do crisis communication planning before the crisis occurs, and be prepared to deal with the world reporting on this crisis (Anonymous, 2010). The decision will be a collectivistic assumption. Since, the decision will be made by a group, and everyone in the staff will have a chance to voice their opinion (Johnson, 2009). The objective is a group consensus, and each person has the ability to communicate and make a difference in the organization. Teams that have more functional interaction, such as problem-solving interaction and action planning, were significantly more satisfied with their meetings (Kauffeld, Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2012). The President is not making the decision alone, and a team that has the ability to problem solve will make better choices. The decision made by the President is based on what the team has expressed, and the resolution would not cause any layoffs. The hospital has a great reputation providing quality care to the patients, and they want to continue providing the same service, and the hospital does not want to lose millions of dollars. The President and the members have decided to continue with the offer by relocating the nurse to a non-patient area. The employee would still have a position in the hospital and receive the same pay and working hours. This is a better decision than terminating the nurse. After reviewing the options, this was the best solution for Community Medical Center in continuing their reputation for the patients and residents in the area. This decision could have a downfall, but I think with that the team made a best decision for this issue. If the members decided to not make any changes with the nurse, the hospital would have lost millions of dollars, many effective employees who made a difference in the community. The President and the members made a decision and not every decision is the most desirable, but a group decision is better than one decision. It takes effective communication, problem solving, and working in a team to come up with the best resolution. This case study showed how to have effective communication within an organization. It takes a team to work together and utilize the decision making models. The staff needs to problem solve effectively, even if there is only a limited amount of time. The President needs to have clear communication, and have the ability in being an active listener. The decisions that are made by team may not always be correct, but there are better resolutions as a group than making decisions just from the President. When a President has a vision and a mission statement, a company has a clear path and the employees will have a better understanding of the direction for the organization. A mission statement is a great way to clarify the intentions of a company. References Johnson, J. (2009). Health organizations: Theories, behavior, and development. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Kauffeld S, Lehmann-Willenbrock N. Meetings Matter: Effects of Team Meetings on Team and Organizational Success. Small Group Research [serial online]. April 2012;43(2):130-158. Available from: Business Source Elite, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 2, 2013. What’s your advice for communicating in a crisis? (2010). Communication World, 27(4), 13-13. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/519657390? accountid=32521 How to cite Decision Making, Papers

zing heil Essay Example

zing heil Essay Marilyn Manson, The Beatles, NWA, Garth Brooks, and the king, Elvis, What do all these people have in common? Well, yes, they are all musical groups, but there is something more. Marilyn Manson is a heavy metal group who worships Satan, the Beatles were one of the greatest Rock N Roll bands of all time, and NWA was a hard-core rap group from the 80s. Garth Brooks is a country singer and greatest selling performer of all time, and well, Elvis is the king of Rock N Roll. So what do they all have in common? All of these artists have or had songs with indecent or obscene lyrics. Since the dawn of musical expression, there have been people trying to stop or hinder the constitutional right to listen and enjoy music of all forms. There were ordinary, everyday people during the infancy of Rock N Roll in the 1960s who made it their mission in life to stop so-called obscene music like the Beatles song Lucy In the Sky With Diamonds, from polluting our airwaves and minds. These groups succeeded in banning some songs from the radio, but most of their actions were for naught, because there was no real punishment for radio stations playing those songs labeled obscene. By 1985, many people wanted to cleanse the music industry of its indecent music, so the most prominent group in the history of music censorship was started: The Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC)-(A Brief). This was just thefirst of many groups who made it their business to decide what the American Population should or should not listen to. These censorship groups have also been able to get government money in order to fight, lie, and bribe their way to censoring music. The PMRC and other organizations have also convinced government organizations like the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) to regulate what music is played on the radio. Places like Target, Disc Jockey, and other local record

Identification of sepsis-causing bacteria Essays

Identification of sepsis-causing bacteria Essays Identification of sepsis-causing bacteria Essay Identification of sepsis-causing bacteria Essay 1. What are the major decisions the writers draw from this paper Designation of sepsis-causing bacteriums utilizing the new Prove-it sepsis check yielded a high sensitiveness and specificity, and identified bacterial species an norm of 18 hours faster than the current gold-standard system. Clinical sensitiveness and specificity of the check were 100 % for MRSA bacteraemia. This check is besides suited for wide pathogen sensing with a high grade of truth. The check gave few false-negative and false-positive consequences. The writers conclude that comparatively few isolates of MRSA were identified, but this assay platform could accurately distinguish the pathogen from other staphylococcus. This check could ease fast and earlier evidence-based direction for clinical sepsis. 2. What are the chief pieces of grounds offered in support of these decisions? Table 1 of this article indicates that the writers found that 1,807 of 2,107 ( 86 % ) positive blood-culture samples included a pathogen covered by the check. The most common bacteriums identified were E.coli, S.epidermidis, and S.aureus. Harmony between the two methods varied, dependant on the being ( shown in Table 2 ) . Evidence revealed that the check achieved 100 % sensitiveness and specificity for MRSA. Thus the writers concluded that this platform could accurately distinguish this being from other staphylococcus. The check is suited for wide pathogen sensing because it quickly identifies more than 50 species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteriums that cause most instances of sepsis, with high truth. Table 4 shows that 3284 samples were analysed, because 29 samples were excluded due to operator or proficient mistake, and five because of trying mistake. They found that the check had a high clinical sensitiveness of 94.7 % and specificity of 98.8 % . Overall, 1.6 % and 3 % of the assay consequences were false-positive and false-negative, severally. Thus the writers concluded that the check gave few false-negative and false-positive consequences. Table 5 shows grounds of the 52/3318 ( 1.6 % ) false-positive consequences obtained by the sepsis platform. 94/3318 ( 3 % ) samples were considered as false-negative because sensitiveness was deficient or PCR multiplexing capacity was exceeded. It was concluded that this check could place bacterial species faster than conventional civilization based method, because the turnaround clip for samples had a shorter average clip to ensue for the sepsis check than for the mention method when 39 samples were compared. The average clip difference was 18 h 19 min. Assay consequences were by and large available within the same on the job twenty-four hours, whereas conventional civilizations required an extra one to two yearss. Thus the writers concluded that this check could enable fast and earlier evidence-based direction for clinical sepsis. 3. Discourse how the grounds presented does or does non warrant the writer s decisions? The grounds presented by the writers does warrant bulk of the decisions. The grounds has validated that the sepsis check identifies the species 18 hours faster than standard speciation methods, and has achieved high sensitiveness and specificity. Evidence besides demonstrated this check to be suited for rapid wide pathogen sensing to a high degree of truth. However, the writers stated that their check could non place bacterial species in 14 % of positive blood civilizations. The assay sensitiveness is higher than the conjectural upper limit of 86 % since these samples were considered negative and used to cipher specificity. 1.6 % false-positive consequences were obtained by the sepsis check. In three samples, the conventional method showed coagulase-negative staphylococcus, while the check showed Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sequencing showed that these samples included species that have been non been antecedently involved in any cross-reaction with the check investigations for S. epidermidis. Other false-positive consequences were due to cross-hybridisation and human or proficient mistakes. In add-on, 3 % of samples were false-negative due to insuffiecient sensitiveness or transcending the PCR multiplexing capacity. 34 false-negative consequences were associated with monobacterial samples, of which 25 samples were non detected by the sepsis platform. Since these mistakes were encountered it may hold affected the consequences to some extent. The writers should hold considered these issues and justified these in their decision, and stated possible ways of get the better ofing such troubles. Furthermore, the check could non place all bacteriums covered by the assay panel in about half of the polybacterial samples. 15/60 polybacterial samples were reported as negative by the check and 45 were classified as false negatives. This suggests that the check has trouble in deciding species in polymicrobial samples and, compared to conventional methods, the check does non supply information about antibiotic susceptibleness, besides meticillin opposition in Staphylococcus aureus. Such mistakes were non rationalised in this survey. The writers did recognize some restrictions to the check. PCR elaboration method for indentifying bacteriums from blood is limited to research applications, due to the cost, public presentation of a different engineering, complications with efficiency of variable DNA extraction, amplified PCR merchandises being contaminated. In add-on, the check relies on a positive consequence utilizing the traditional blood-culture method. They noted that the check is more expensive than the conventional method, and cost-effectiveness will be assessed in a hereafter survey. However, the writers have non provided grounds to warrant these restrictions to a great extent. The writers besides need to see whether deciding these state of affairss 18 hours earlier than usual will transform into apparent clinical benefit matching to the cost of taking farther trials. This survey is a major advancement but farther probe would be indispensable before widespread application of the trial. 4. What are the deductions of this survey and what future surveies would you suggest? The information from the sepsis check could be implemented to curtail antibiotic intervention on the footing of susceptibleness forms, therefore cut down selective force per unit areas under which drug-resistant beings evolve. Fast and early species designation utilizing this check can impact of import direction schemes, for e.g. taking vascular-access devices, administering glycopeptide antibiotics, and analysis for finding possible beginnings of sepsis. This would be specifically of import for immunosuppressed patients with vascular entree devices. Taking all grounds into history, it can be said that presently the Prove-it sepsis check may non take the topographic point of conventional methods for placing bacteriums, but it could play a major portion when combined with them. Thus for future surveies I would suggest that this check should be used alongside conventional methods. The sepsis check could be implemented in developing states, and associated costs should be assessed. The writers claim that the check equipment could be modified into a movable kit run on solar power for usage in developing states. However, non many probes have been done to corroborate dependability of such statements. Frankincense I would suggest farther surveies into this field. In future surveies the writers will necessitate to see and decide the mistakes and restrictions they have encountered in this survey, to better their consequences. Writers noted that the early information provided by this check could be easy incorporated into mundane research la b work flow in primary- and secondary-care locations. Further probe is required into the platform s possible engagement in clinical consequences and direction, and its execution for fast everyday designation of a assortment of pathogens in developed and developing states. I would suggest that the check platform is customised for jobs associated with PCR multiplexing capacity in polymicrobial bacteraemia. The writers imply that the array design is flexible, leting extension of pathogen showing to other micro-organisms and molecular indexs of opposition . Thus for future surveies this check could be used to observe other disease doing micro-organisms with known variable and conserved part cistrons. Additionally, I would suggest future surveies into the usage of this engineering for measuring other biological specimens, besides blood civilizations, from patients with sepsis.

How to Write a Philosophy of Education Essay

How to Write a Philosophy of Education Essay Philosophy of Education Purpose of an educational philosophy essay How to start How to create an outline How to write a thesis for an educational philosophy essay How to write an introduction Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish an educational philosophy essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision A philosophy of education essay sample A philosophy of education is used to explore the course, purpose, principles, as well as the nature of learning. Educational philosophy describes what teaching means to an educator and also defines how and why one teaches. Many educationalists refer to educational philosophy as module derived from worlds practical applications to be used. Purpose of an educational philosophy essay A student is supposed to write an educational philosophy paper to explain why and how instructors teach. Such an essay also explores the goals and motivations of a teacher as well as how one approaches education in order to teach others. Moreover, the purpose of the perfect essay on the philosophy of education is to explain strategies used to enlighten learners about how instructors are. How to start Before starting an educational philosophy essay, the writer should first outline the ideas that one wants to include in the essay. One can figure out his or her views on education and draft some of the significant points. Also, the writer can read different sources to see how education philosophy has been. How to create an outline Educational philosophy statements are often transcribed using the first person because they focus on your specific profession. However, one should write about one or two pages although this varies if one has an extensive career. An efficient educational philosophy essay should have a brief introduction followed by body paragraphs; also, one must include a conclusion. For instance: Introduction: you can describe your views regarding teaching. Body paragraphs: by using three to five paragraphs, the writer can explore the main topic and ideas of how one facilitates learning. Conclusion: you can summarize your points here and also explain how to utilize them in future. How to write a thesis for an educational philosophy essay In an educational philosophy paper, a thesis that you develop holds the most significant part of the essay. Your thesis statement has the ability to state, regulate, and structure the whole argument in the essay. A thesis explains to your reader about your stand on a certain topic. While developing a thesis, one should not write a broad statement nor too shallow. Your thesis should also be supported in your essay. Furthermore, a strong thesis can be challenged and also be opposed. How to write an introduction The introduction paragraph contains information that let your reader know what is in the essay. While writing the introduction, one should include a thesis statement that sums up your essays main point. Therefore, the writer is supposed to develop an introductory that illustrates some philosophical experiences that leads the reader gently to the thesis statement. Moreover, one should write an introduction that gives the reader a reason to continue with the rest of the paper. Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing While developing your introduction and thesis statement, you need to present engaging information. Therefore, the introduction should catch your readers attention for instance by using interesting statistics. Next, your introduction should be precise and should not start arguing the main ideas. Then, set up your essay by presenting the background of your topic and thesis statement. One should also not write a thesis that is evident or a fact. How to write body paragraphs While writing the body paragraphs, you should utilize the notes that were drafted while outlining the essay. However, the purpose of the body is to argue and prove your thesis statement. In this part, one should deeply discuss the main points by giving examples of how to put your ideas into practice. Tips on body writing The first step of writing the body is to develop topic sentences at the beginning of each new paragraph. Then, each of your paragraphs should present a single idea and should have 4-5 sentences. Each of your body paragraphs should have a logical argument which follows a logical pattern. Moreover, one should confirm whether the paragraphs flow easily to make your points readable. Lastly, the writer should avoid technical language. How to finish an educational philosophy essay A philosophy of education essay should be concluded in a conclusion paragraph. In this paragraph, one should simply go beyond reaffirming the educational philosophy. The writer should, therefore, talk about the instructors objectives and how to succumb future challenges in educational institutions. Tips on conclusion writing The writer should conclude the paper with strong points for the readers to remember the work. Also, one can return to the introductory points as a proof that the essay is helpful. The writer can include a brief summary of the main points without repeating information in your essay. Lastly, one can propose a solution to a certain issue stated in the paper. Tips on revision The main purpose of the writer to develop an educational essay is to lastly present an efficient piece of work. However, after completing your essay, the first thing you should do is to proofread your work. Then, ensure all your examples are transitional and support your thesis. Then correct all grammatical errors and format your essay correctly. A philosophy of education essay sample I believe the key to a successful and a happy life is to have the freedom to do what you want and this can be achieved through education. Education is a unique experience for the students and in order for all students to benefit from it, teachers and educators have to be fully knowledgeable about the importance of their teaching. Therefore, the philosophy of education is very important especially by giving young people the power and courage to pursue their life goals. The more enlightened you are, the more control you have over your future. By offering quality education to all students, one equips learners with essential tools for success in life. Academic teaching begins with inspiration and motivation. I believe that students deserve the teachers passion for learning because this makes both the students and the teacher more ready to engage in active learning. However, in order to attain active learning, as a teacher I have to demonstrate enthusiasm as well as confidence in my students learning. Displaying readiness in the classroom makes the students feel that one supports their learning and also the subject is relevant to their life. My personal objective is to challenge my future students and also watch them develop to full potential people. I also, want to take them through different levels of education which will help them grow together as they better everyones life. I want to take them through a straightforward instruction that will help them expand and grow on their own. However, group work and class discussions are the significant aspects of a successful class. When one offers the student a chance to participate in group projects, this changes each students atmosphere in the classroom because students help each other develop academically. Also, group work and class discussions give one a chance to develop freedom of creativity and expression and also help one realize his or her weakness and strengths. Engaging constructivist methods in ones teaching drives the students to create an active role in education. For example, physical experiments make sure all students attain their best and also discover their st rengths. As a teacher, to accomplish my goals, it is important to develop mutual respect and honest relationship with my students. Ones relationship with the student is a high priority that is created through communication and through this, a democratic and fair learning environment can be established. A creating a good relationship with my students can possibly make a safe and confident interaction within the academic setting. Therefore, ones this foundation is created, as a teacher, I have already attained a major goal that is; my students will morally conduct themselves in the classroom as they prepare themselves for future survival and adult interaction. How as a teacher I carry out the teaching is more important as what I teach. The method of teaching establishes a connection between the students and the teacher. However, the teacher is supposed to exercise a mentoring role over the students and demonstrate consistency so that students can emulate the same traits as they grow. Moreover, having a personal connection with all students can facilitate equal chances for all students success.

Corporate Frauds and Absence of Ethical Demeanor Essay

Corporate Frauds and Absence of Ethical Demeanor - Essay Example As per Trevino and Weaver (2003), ethical culture is one which rouses ethical demeanor. Ethical leadership involves proper demeanor through interpersonal relationships and personal actions and the advocating such demeanors to subordinates, mainly through two-way communication, decision-making and reinforcement As per Martin and Cullen (2006), ethical climate in an organization refers to normative systems of organizational work climate mirroring the organization’s policies, procedures, and practices with moral outcomes. As per Victor and Cullen (1988), ethical work climate refers to the organizational procedures and practices that direct the decision-making of organization and the systematic outcomes to ethical dilemmas. The ethical climate is one of the main ingredients of the culture of an organization. Ethical climate plays a dominant role when fraud is observed in an organization. As per Shin (2012), CEOs’ ethical demeanor is directly associated with employeesâ€℠¢ overall view of the ethical atmosphere of the organization (Soltani, 2014, p.254). Enron on October 16, 2001, published figures that exposed conspicuous accounting malpractices. One of the questionable accounting practices followed by the Enron was that is improper accounting of a note receivable from Enron’s equity partners in different limited partnerships. WorldCom also indulged in one of the largest corporate accounting scandals in the US which were projected at $14 billion as of March 2004. SEC alleged that WorldCom purportedly exaggerated its† revenue before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)† in 2001 and in 2002 (SEC Annual Report 2002). HealthSouth Corporation of USA ordered the accounting personnel’ of the company to inflate the revenue to match the Wall Street analyst’ projections (Soltani, 2014, p.262).

Digestive Enzyme Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Digestive Enzyme Experiment - Essay Example There are two (2) main reasons why the digestion of starches starts in the mouth (i.e. salivary amylase) and eventually stops as soon as the partially digested starches could reach the stomach. First, it is important to know that digestion of food nutrients can occur using either mechanical digestion or chemical enzymes and that starch is a polysaccharide that can be digested only via chemical reactions (Eliasson, 2006, p. 475; Sullivan and Cooley, 2004, p. 45). Second, the stomach is responsible for mechanical digestion (Rechtman, 2004, p. 114). Since starch cannot be digested mechanically, it is impossible for starch to be digested in the stomach. Basically, starch is a good example of complex carbohydrates (Shetty, 2010, p. 24; Chopra, 2005, p. 91). Because of the long chains of glucose that are heavily tied up together, carbohydrates such as starch can only be broken down by enzymes such as the salivary amylase (Sullivan and Cooley, 2004, p. 45). Eventually the reaction of saliva ry amylase can break down starch into a much simple carbohydrates which then can be absorbed in the small intestine (Eliasson, 2006, p. 475). In general, salivary amylase is not the only enzyme that can be use to digest starch. Other enzymes such as the pancreatic amylase as well as maltase can also be used in the chemical digestion of starch (McGuire and Beerman, 2013, p. 130; Eliasson, 2006, p. 475). For instance, as soon as the pancreas releases pancreatic juice like pancreatic amylase, it can further break down the polysaccharides.

The Dying Dreams :: essays research papers

Arthur Miller profoundly explores the subject of morality and human values in his two famous plays, Death of a Salesman and All My Sons. Though dealing with a common topic , the works contain major differences that help to make them unique. Death of a Salesman describes the tragedy behind shattered dreams and the effects that they bring on entire families. It focuses greatly on illusions created by individuals and the inability of those individuals to except reality. All My Sons, on the other hand, explores the frightening reality of people's insensitivity and their moral values and the illusions created to cover up the tragic reality. The reality versus illusion theme exhibits the parallelisms and the distinctions between the plays. The subject of human values may be compared through the points of view, the imagery, and the life lessons of the two works. All My Sons denounces immorality more directly then Death of a Salesman. Joe Keller's refusal to stop the shipment of cracked cylinder heads causes the deaths of innocent American soldiers. The grim reality is that he allowed the people who were defending him and fighting next to his sons to die, thus committing the ultimate sin of murder. In All My Sons Joe Keller immensely influences the lives of many outside his family while caring only about his own. By contrast, in Death of a Salesman Willy Lowman commits adultery, a rather minor sin when compared with murder. His influence is limited only to the lives of his wife and sons, while he desires to impact the lives of those outside his family. Arthur Miller emphasizes the destruction of lives more apparently in All My Sons then in Death if a Salesman. However, both plays are linked to events dealing with acquisition of money. The theme of material wealth can often be noticed as the basis for many actions in the two works. Joe Keller commits the terrible act because he fears loosing his business and thus, not being able to provide for his family materially. He willingly chooses money over the lives of the soldiers and over the life of his friend and partner. Similarly, Willy Lowman's every action in life revolves around money and material success. His obsession with acquiring wealth destroys his relationship with Biff and his own sanity and happiness. Willy has an affair only to further himself in his career, only to attract more customers.

Debate Speech Essay

A pleasant afternoon to one and all, standing in front of you is Alliah Dominique M. Sta. Ana, 3rd affirmative speaker, opposing the proposition of Mr. Despi that â€Å"Republic Act No. 10354 also known as Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012† should be legalize here in the Philippines. Let us all be open minded as I begin. First and Foremost, let me give you brief information about RH Bill. It guarantees the universal access to methods of contraceptions, fertility control, maternal care and sex education.  There are many reasons why I stand before my proposition because implementing RH Bill is unconstitutional. Why? It seeks to regulate or legislate morality. It criminalizes the practice of faith and religion as well as other cts that are not inherently evil or against public policy. It is socially and economically unjust and destructive. The law justifies the imposition of new taxes and higher tax rates, government borrowing, price controls, distortions, massive regulations, that will affect not just the entire economy but also people’s rights. It will also benefit certain bussinesses and industries in a monopoly or crony system. Where will they buy contraceptives, preganancy kits, RH products and equipments, employer’s fee for their time and service? There are already dozens of RH Laws or RH related laws enacted in the past. It seems all of them didn’t work. Did they? Because the only solution to this problem would be having self control and discipline. I firmly believe that an ordinary person is capable to be good so it does mean that everyone, catholic or not, can be disciplined. The main purpose of sex is to procreate not to satisfy our senses or needs. So if you will have sex, bear in mind that its main purpose is to reproduce which is God’s will. Now, if you are to have sex with contraceptives, then that is not called procreation. It is called sense gratification or lust which is a strong desire for someone, that way doing sex is purposeless. If you are to have sex without contraceptives, without thinking the consenquences, without family planning, make sure you are ready to face such big responsibility that will change your life. Life is created and is the will of the Lord. How it begins and how it ends is His thing – Not ours. When God allowed the process of sex which at the same time is the free will of woman and man which will put that child in a woman’s womb, whether the mother or father is sick, that is His will. And now if you are a follower of God which the RH supporters also claim, and you are spiritually realized, then you must know that you do not have the right to hinder such event or manifestation by killing what is forming or what is inside you. Therefore, I strongly believe that RH bill should not be implented for this will not be created if we just control ourselves. This methods will offend the Church and the Catholics, this methods are just expenses, RH Bill will only change the clearer vision of life. It will be such a bad impact to the country. Bear in mind that we are in a religious country. Besides, Natural Family Planning helps the married partners to strengthen their communication. A baby made with conjugal love is the result of natural family planning that’s why I prefer natural family planning to be the only method to decrease our population rate. That’s all, thank you and Good Afternoon!

Biography of Samuel Johnson, English Writer and Lexicographer

Samuel Johnson (September 18, 1709—December 13, 1784) was an English writer, critic, and all-around literary celebrity in the 18th century. While his poetry and works of fiction—though certainly accomplished and well-received—are not generally regarded among the great works of his time, his contributions to the English language and the field of literary criticism are extremely notable. Also notable is Johnson’s celebrity; he is one of the first examples of a modern writer achieving great fame, in large part for his personality and personal style, as well as the massive posthumous biography published by his friend and acolyte James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson. Fast Facts: Samuel Johnson Known For: English writer, poet, lexicographer, literary criticAlso Known As: Dr. Johnson (pen name)Born: September 18, 1709 in Staffordshire, EnglandParents: Michael and Sarah JohnsonDied: December 13, 1784 in London, EnglandEducation: Pembroke College, Oxford (did not obtain a degree). Oxford conferred a Masters degree on him after the publication of A Dictionary of the English Language.Selected Works: Irene (1749), The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749), A Dictionary of the English Language (1755), The Annotated Plays of William Shakespeare (1765), A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland (1775)Spouse: Elizabeth PorterNotable Quote: The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good. Early Years Johnson was born in 1704 in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England. His father owned a bookshop and the Johnsons initially enjoyed a comfortable middle-class lifestyle. Johnson’s mother was 40 years of age when he was born, at the time considered an incredibly advanced age for pregnancy. Johnson was born underweight and appeared quite weak, and the family did not think he would survive. Antique engraving of Dr. Johnsons birthplace in Litchfield, Staffordshire, England. Victorian engraving, 1840. bauhaus1000 / Getty Images His early years were marked by illness. He suffered from mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis. When treatments were ineffective, Johnson underwent an operation and was left permanently scarred. Nonetheless, he grew into a highly intelligent boy; his parents often prompted him to perform feats of memory to amuse and astound their friends. The familys financial situation deteriorated and Johnson began to write poetry and to translate works into English while working as a tutor. The death of a cousin and a subsequent inheritance allowed him to attend Pembroke College at Oxford, though he did not graduate because of his family’s chronic lack of money. From a young age, Johnson was plagued by a variety of tics, gestures, and exclamations—apparently beyond his direct control—that disturbed and alarmed the people around him. Although undiagnosed at the time, the descriptions of these tics have led many to believe that Johnson suffered from Tourette Syndrome. However, his quick wit and charming personality ensured that he was never ostracized for his behavior; in fact, these tics became part of Johnson’s growing legend when his literary fame was established. Early Writing Career (1726-1744) A Voyage to Abyssinia (1735)London (1738)Life of Mr. Richard Savage (1744) Johnson began work on his only play, Irene, in 1726. He would work on the play for the next two decades, finally seeing it performed in 1749. Johnson described the play as his greatest failure despite the fact that the production was profitable. Later critical assessment agreed with Johnson’s opinion that Irene is competent but not particularly brilliant. After leaving school, the family’s financial situation worsened until Johnson’s father died in 1731. Johnson sought work as a teacher, but his lack of a degree held him back. At the same time, he began working on a translation of Jerà ³nimo Lobos account of the Abyssinians, which he dictated to his friend Edmund Hector. The work was published by his friend Thomas Warren in the Birmingham Journal as A Voyage to Abyssinia in 1735. After several years working on a few translation works which found little success, Johnson secured a position in London writing for The Gentleman’s Magazine in 1737. It was his work for The Gentleman’s Magazine that first brought Johnson fame, and shortly afterwards he published his first major work of poetry, London. As with many of Johnson’s works, London was based on an older work, Juvenal’s Satire III, and describes a man named Thales fleeing London’s many problems for a better life in rural Wales. Johnson did not think much of his own work and published it anonymously, which sparked curiosity and interest from the literary set of the time, although it took 15 years for the author’s identity to be discovered. Johnson continued to seek work as a teacher and many of his friends in the literary establishment, including Alexander Pope, attempted to use their influence to have a degree awarded to Johnson, to no avail. Penniless, Johnson began to spend most of his time with the poet Richard Savage, who was jailed for his debts in 1743. Johnson wrote Life of Mr. Richard Savage and published it in 1744 to much acclaim. Innovations in Biography At a time when biography chiefly dealt with famous figures from the distant past, observed with appropriate seriousness and poetic distance, Johnson believed biographies should be written by people who knew their subjects, who had, in fact, shared meals and other activities with them. Life of Mr. Richard Savage was in that sense the first true biography, as Johnson made little effort to distance himself from Savage, and in fact, his closeness to his subject was very much the point. This innovative approach to the form, portraying a contemporary in intimate terms, was highly successful and changed how biographies were approached. This set off an evolution leading to our modern-day concept of the biography as intimate, personal, and contemporaneous. Dr. Samuel Johnsons dictionary, which was first published in 1755, on display in London, circa 1990. Epics / Getty Images A Dictionary of the English Language (1746-1755) Irene (1749)The Vanity of Human Wishes (1749)The Rambler (1750)A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)The Idler (1758) At this point in history, there existed no codified dictionary of the English language regarded as satisfactory, and Johnson was approached in 1746 and offered a contract to create such a reference. He spent the next eight years working on what would become the most widely-used dictionary for the next century and a half, eventually supplanted by the Oxford English Dictionary. Johnson’s dictionary is imperfect and far from comprehensive, but it was very influential for the way Johnson and his assistants added commentary on individual words and their usage. In this way, Johnsons dictionary serves as a glimpse into 18th-century thinking and language use in a way that other texts do not. Closeup of pages from early editions of Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of English Language including handwritten notes on margins. Walter Sanders / Getty Images Johnson put immense effort into his dictionary. He wrote a lengthy planning document setting out his approach and hired many assistants to perform much of the labor involved. The Dictionary published in 1755, and the University of Oxford conferred a Master’s degree on Johnson as a result of his work. The dictionary is still regarded highly as a work of linguistic scholarship and is frequently quoted in dictionaries to this day. One of the major innovations that Johnson introduced to the dictionary format was the inclusion of famous quotes from literature and other sources to demonstrate the meaning and use of words in context. The Rambler, The Universal Chronicle, and The Idler (1750-1760) Johnson wrote his poem The Vanity of Human Wishes while working on the dictionary. The poem, published in 1749, is again based on a work by Juvenal. The poem did not sell well, but its reputation rose in the years after Johnson’s death, and is now regarded as one of his best works of original verse. Johnson began publishing a series of essays under the title of The Rambler in 1750, eventually producing 208 articles. Johnson intended these essays to be educational for the up-and-coming middle class in England at the time, noting that this relatively new class of people had economic affluence but none of the traditional education of the upper classes. The Rambler was marketed to them as a way of buffing their understanding of the subjects often brought up in society. A literary party at Sir Joshua Reynoldss, after the original by James William Edmund Doyle. From l-r are James Boswell, Dr Samuel Johnson, Sir Joshua Reynolds, David Garrick, Edmund Burke, Pasquale Paoli, Charles Burney, Thomas Warton the Younger and Oliver Goldsmith. Culture Club  /  Getty Images In 1758, Johnson revived the format under the title The Idler, which appeared as a feature in the weekly magazine The Universal Chronicle. These essays were less formal than The Ramblers, and were frequently composed shortly before his deadlines; some suspected he used The Idler as an excuse to avoid his other work commitments. This informality combined with Johnson’s great wit made them extremely popular, to the point where other publications began reprinting them without permission. Johnson eventually produced 103 of these essays. Later Works (1765-1775) The Plays of William Shakespeare (1765)A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland (1775) In his later life, still plagued by chronic poverty, Johnson worked on a literary magazine and published The Plays of William Shakespeare in 1765 after working on it for 20 years. Johnson believed that many early editions of Shakespeare’s plays had been poorly edited and noted that different editions of the plays often had glaring discrepancies in vocabulary and other aspects of the language, and he sought to revise them correctly. Johnson also introduced annotations throughout the plays where he explained aspects of the plays that might not be obvious to modern audiences. This was the first time anyone had attempted to determine an authoritative version of the text, a practice that is common today. Johnson met James Boswell, a Scottish lawyer and aristocrat, in 1763. Boswell was 31 years younger than Johnson, but the two men became very close friends in a very short time and remained in touch after Boswell returned home to Scotland. In 1773, Johnson visited his friend to tour the highlands, which were regarded as a rough and uncivilized territory, and in 1775 published an account of the trip, A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland. There was in England at the time a deep interest in Scotland, and the book was a relative success for Johnson, who had been awarded a small pension by the king by this time and was living much more comfortably. Letter from Dr Samuel Johnson to Warren Hastings, Governer-General of Bengal, asking for his support concerning a projected translation of Ariosto by John Hoole, Auditor at the India House. 29 January 1781. Signed: Dr Samuel Johnson. Culture Club  /  Getty Images Personal Life Johnson lived with a close friend named Harry Porter for a time in the early 1730s; when Porter passed away after an illness in 1734, he left behind his widow, Elizabeth, known as Tetty. The woman was older (she was 46 and Johnson 25) and relatively wealthy; they married in 1735. That year Johnson opened his own school using Tetty’s money, but the school was a failure and cost the Johnsons a great deal of her wealth. His guilt over being supported by his wife and costing her so much money ultimately drove him to live apart from her with Richard Savage for a time in the 1740s. When Tetty passed away in 1752, Johnson was wracked with guilt for the impoverished life he had given her, and often wrote in his diary about his regrets. Many scholars believe that providing for his wife was a major inspiration for Johnson’s work; after her death, it became increasingly difficult for Johnson to complete projects, and he became almost as famous for missing deadlines as he did for his work. Death Johnson suffered from gout, and in 1783 he had a stroke. When he had somewhat recovered, he traveled to London for the express purpose of dying there, but later left for Islington to stay with a friend. On December 13, 1784 he was visited by a teacher named Francesco Sastres, who reported Johnson’s last words as Iam moriturus, Latin for I am about to die. He fell into a coma and died a few hours later. Legacy Johnson’s own poetry and other works of original writing were well-regarded but would have slid into relative obscurity if not for his contributions to literary criticism and the language itself. His works describing what constituted good writing remain incredibly influential. His work on biographies rejected the traditional view that a biography should celebrate the subject and instead sought to render an accurate portrait, transforming the genre forever. The innovations in his Dictionary and his critical work on Shakespeare shaped what we have come to know as literary criticism. He is thusly remembered as a transformative figure in English literature. In 1791, Boswell published The Life of Samuel Johnson, which followed Johnson’s own thoughts on what a biography would be, and recorded from Boswell’s memory many things that Johnson actually said or did. Despite being subjective to a fault and larded with Boswell’s obvious admiration for Johnson, it is regarded as one of the most important works of biography ever written, and elevated Johnson’s posthumous celebrity to incredible levels, making him an early literary celebrity who was as famous for his quips and wit as he was for his work. Titlepage of The Life of Samuel Johnson, LLD by James Boswell. Photo by Culture Club/Getty Images Sources Adams, Michael, et al. â€Å"What Samuel Johnson Really Did.† National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2009/septemberoctober/feature/what-samuel-johnson-really-did.Martin, Peter. â€Å"Escaping Samuel Johnson.† The Paris Review, 30 May 2019, https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/05/30/escaping-samuel-johnson/.George H. Smith Facebook. â€Å"Samuel Johnson: Hack Writer Extraordinaire.† Libertarianism.org, https://www.libertarianism.org/columns/samuel-johnson-hack-writer-extraordinaire.