Multiple Personality Disorder Essays (1520 words) -

Multiple Personality Disorder The most famous dissociative disorder is Multiple Personality Disorder, also known as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It is estimated that one in one hundred people may suffer from Multiple Personality Disorder and other Dissociative Disorders. With correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment, people have the potential for complete recovery. Multiple Personality Disorder is a condition in which a person has more than one identity, each of which speaks, acts and writes in a very different way. Each personality seems to have its own memories, wishes, and (often conflicting) impulses The symptoms of an individual with Multiple Personality Disorder are 1.) lack of appropriate emotional response 2.) memory loss, lost time, not knowing what they have said or done 3.) feeling dream like 5.) experiencing dissociation which might include dizziness, headaches, numbness in body, spontaneous trance states 6.) not remembering childhood or major life events 7.) recurrent depression 8.) anxiety, panic, and phobias 9.) self destructive thoughts and behavior 10.) substance abuse 11.) eating disorders 12.) sexual dysfunction, including addictions and avoidance 13.) flashbacks, intrusive thoughts and images of trauma 14.) low self esteem, and feeling damaged and/or worthless 15.) shame 16.) somatic pain syndromes 17.) sleep disturbances: nightmares, insomnia, and sleepwalking and 18.) alternative states of consciousness or personalities. Many people displaying MPD have experienced events they would like to forget or avoid. The causation of Multiple Personality Disorder is when an individual has suffered severe, horrific, traumatic, unavoidable, persistent physical or sexual abuse in childhood. Also many people displaying MPD appeared to be skilled at self- hypnosis through which their psyche comes forward as a coping mechanism, to protect them from the pain ( they create a self- induced hypnotic like trance) which allows the individual to escape psychologically. Most people suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder found that they could escape the trauma of abuse at least temporarily by creating new personalities to deal with the stress. ( Braun, B. (1988). The BASK model of dissociation. DISSOCIATION, 1, 4-23. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. ( 4th ed) The separate personalities known as alters, are usually unknown to the host personality, which operates the body most of the time. Alters can take many forms, but few types are common. Some typical manifestations include a depressed or hurt child, an internal caretaker, a strong angry protector, and an envious protector who is angry with the host. Although these represent the most common alter personality types, the reported list of variations is fairly long and includes perpetrator alters, avenger alters, opposite sex alters, different race, and even non- human alters. Most of the writings dealing with DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder reports that individuals with the illness flow in and out of the various personalities as the environment changes, usually unaware of what is taking place. (Putnam, F.W. (1989). Diagnosis and treatment of multiple personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press. There are many theories which attempt to explain DID, but the central component in all of them appears to be that the disorder occurs as a protective reaction to severe childhood trauma. Essentially, the self appears to dissociate, or split into separate and distinct personalities in an effort to repress the pain and terror of some tramatic event. The trauma is often sexual in nature. There is one such theory that implies that the blocked pain, terror, and awareness create compartments in the mind, which hold the unprocessed feelings. When these compartments leak says the theory, the person has flashbacks, panic attacks, and nightmares. Individuals stricken with DID may experience the onslaught of the disturbance suddenly or gradually, and the symptoms may become worse over a long period of time. Recent studies indicate that the age of onset is nearly always childhood, and that it is much more common among women then men; as much as three to nine times more. Those who warn that DID/MPD is alarmingly common mental illness and cite numerous studies and a long list of statistics in support of its legitimacy. For example: in a 1990 study which appeared in The Journal of Occupational Therapy, J.F. Higdon stated, The past two decades have seen a marked increase in the diagnosing of this disorder, and we are seeing a significant increase in the number of cases. Another study, conducted by B.G. Braun in the American Psychiatric Press and The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, revealed an increased complexity of the cases. With a patient population of over 1,000 under examination, the study reported 95% - 98% of the patients had suffered a history of child abuse. Another

Biography of John Gibbon, Heart-Lung Machine Inventor

Biography of John Gibbon, Heart-Lung Machine Inventor John Heysham Gibbon Jr. (Sept. 29,  1903–Feb. 5, 1973) was an American surgeon who was widely known for creating the first heart-lung machine. He proved the efficacy of the concept in 1935 when he used an external pump as an  artificial heart  during an operation on a cat. Eighteen years later, he performed the first successful open-heart operation on a human using his  heart-lung machine. Fast Facts: John Heysham Gibbon Known For: Inventor of the heart-lung machineBorn: Sept. 29,  1903 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaParents: John Heysham Gibbon Sr., Marjorie YoungDied: Feb. 5, 1973 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaEducation: Princeton University, Jefferson Medical CollegeAwards and Honors: Distinguished Service Award from International College of Surgery, fellowship from Royal College of Surgeons, Gairdner Foundation International Award from University of TorontoSpouse: Mary HopkinsonChildren: Mary, John, Alice, and Marjorie Early Life of John Gibbon Gibbon was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on Sept. 29, 1903, the second of four children of surgeon John Heysham Gibbon Sr. and Marjorie Young. He earned his B.A. from  Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1923 and his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1927. He completed his internship at Pennsylvania Hospital in 1929. The following year, he went to Harvard Medical School as a research fellow in surgery. Gibbon was a sixth-generation physician. One of his great-uncles, Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, is memorialized by a monument to his bravery on the Union side in the Battle of Gettysburg, while another uncle was a brigade surgeon for the Confederacy in the same battle. In 1931 Gibbon married Mary Hopkinson, a surgical researcher who was an assistant in his work. They had four children: Mary, John, Alice, and Marjorie. Early Experiments It was the loss of a young patient in 1931, who died despite emergency surgery for a blood clot in her lungs, that first stirred Gibbons interest in developing an artificial device for bypassing the heart and lungs and allowing for more effective heart surgery techniques. Gibbon believed that if doctors could keep blood oxygenated during lung procedures, many other patients could be saved. While he was dissuaded by all with whom he broached the subject, Gibbon, who had a talent for engineering as well as medicine, independently continued his experiments and tests. In 1935, he used a prototype heart-lung bypass machine that took over cardiac and respiratory functions of a cat, keeping it alive for 26 minutes. Gibbons World War II Army service in the China-Burma-India Theater temporarily interrupted his research, but after the war he began a new series of experiments with dogs. For his research to proceed to humans, though, he would need help on three fronts, from doctors and engineers. Help Arrives In 1945, American cardiothoracic surgeon Clarence Dennis built a modified Gibbon pump that permitted a complete bypass of the heart and lungs during surgery. The machine, however, was hard to clean, caused infections, and never reached human testing. Then came Swedish physician Viking Olov Bjork, who invented an improved oxygenator with multiple rotating screen discs over which a film of blood was injected. Oxygen was passed over the discs, providing sufficient oxygenation for an adult human. After Gibbon returned from military service and restarted his research, he met Thomas J. Watson, CEO of International Business Machines (IBM), which was establishing itself as a premier computer research, development, and manufacturing firm. Watson, who was trained as an engineer, expressed interest in Gibbons heart-lung-machine project, and Gibbon explained his ideas in detail. Shortly thereafter, a team of IBM engineers arrived at Jefferson Medical College to work with Gibbon. By 1949, they had a working machine- the Model I- that Gibbon could try on humans. The first patient, a 15-month-old girl with severe heart failure, didnt survive the procedure. An autopsy later revealed that she had an unknown congenital heart defect. By the time Gibbon identified a second likely patient, the IBM team had developed the Model II. It used a refined method of cascading blood down a thin sheet of film to oxygenate it rather than the whirling technique, which could potentially damage blood corpuscles. Using the new method, 12 dogs were kept alive for more than an hour during heart operations, paving the way for the next step. Success in Humans It was time for another try, this time on humans.  On May 6, 1953, Cecelia Bavolek became the first person to successfully undergo open-heart bypass surgery with the Model II totally supporting her heart and lung functions during the procedure. The operation closed a serious defect between the upper chambers of the 18-year-olds heart. Bavolek was connected to the device for 45 minutes. For 26 of those minutes, her body totally depended upon the machine’s artificial cardiac and respiratory functions. It was the first successful intracardiac surgery of its kind performed on a human patient. By 1956 IBM, well on its way to dominating the fledgling computer industry, was eliminating many of its non-core programs. The engineering team was withdrawn from Philadelphia- but not before producing the Model III- and the huge field of biomedical devices was left to other companies, such as Medtronic and  Hewlett-Packard. That same year, Gibbon became the Samuel D. Gross professor of surgery and head of the surgery department at Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, positions he would hold until 1967. Death Gibbon, perhaps ironically, suffered from heart trouble in his later years. He had his first heart attack  in July 1972 and died of another massive heart attack while playing tennis on Feb. 5, 1973. Legacy Gibbons heart-lung machine undoubtedly saved countless lives. He is also remembered for writing a standard textbook on chest surgery and for teaching and mentoring countless physicians. Upon his death, the Jefferson Medical College renamed its newest building after him. Over his career, he was a visiting or consulting surgeon at several hospitals and medical schools. His awards included the Distinguished Service Award from the International College of Surgery (1959), an honorary fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons in England (1959), the Gairdner Foundation International Award from the University of Toronto (1960), honorary Sc.D. degrees from  Princeton University  (1961) and the University of Pennsylvania (1965), and the Research Achievement Award from the American Heart Association (1965). Sources Dr. John H. Gibbon Jr. and Jeffersons Heart-Lung Machine: Commemoration of the Worlds First Successful Bypass Surgery. Thomas Jefferson University.John Heysham Gibbon Biography. Engineering and Technology History Wiki.John Heysham Gibbon, 1903-1973: American Surgeon. Encyclopedia.com

Newark International Airport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Newark International Airport - Essay Example By this time the United States Government had spent $15.1 million apart from $8.2 million spent by the City of Newark on construction and development. It was only in 1948 that the Port Authority took up the responsibility for operation and development. In the 1950’s, the Port Authority added an instrument runway, a terminal building, a control tower and an air cargo center. In 1973 the Central Terminal Area was constructed and opened. Runway 4L-22R was opened in 1970 but was rebuilt and restarted in 1973. The Port Authority Administration Building, the Central Heating and Refrigeration Plant, a Fuel Storage Tank Farm, taxiways and roadways also started operations in 1970s. A two-building maintenance complex housing airport construction and repair equipment, a large runway snow removal and de-icing, and a command center for snow emergencies was constructed in 1989. The first administrative building of Newark Airport was built in 1935, now known as Building 51 (HPO, 2004). When this building was completed, it was the most important airport in the world. In 2000, the Historic Preservation Office, attempted to save this historic building. In late 1990s, when the Port Authority had requested approval from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to lengthen the main runway at Newark Airport, they ensured that the old Airport Administration Building, which sits at the north end of the main runway would be protected for the future. Unfortunately, with the runway expanded, Building 51 could no more be used for Public service with flights landing and taking off right in front of the office. Because of its historic importance study was conducted to see if this building could be relocated elsewhere within Newark airport. With the support and help of many individuals agencies, this historic building could be relocated and rehabilitated and is now open t o visitors at Newark Airport. The last decade brought forth great expansions at the airport as air

Job opportunities in the deaf community Research Paper

Job opportunities in the deaf community - Research Paper Example This paper delves into job opportunities in the deaf community. The deaf community has its own employment or job resources and opportunities to help the deaf as well as hearing people who are seeking employment opportunities that are related to deafness. It is worth noting that employment opportunities in the deaf community are near similar to other communities. This is because this community requires almost similar types of goods and services (Padden and Tom 33). The first type of job in the deaf community is teaching jobs that are essential in facilitating education in the community. The second one is that of interpreters who help in aiding communication between hearing people and deaf people. The other type of job opportunity in deaf community is captioning – captioning jobs have gained prominence in the deaf community especially because laws of many countries have called for captioning in the broadcasting (Andrews, Leigh and Tammy 106). Captioning entails displaying text or non-speech elements on visual display such as video or television to provide interpretive or additional information to deaf people. There is also the job of speech language pathologists and audiologists who are essential in providing healthcare services to the deaf. They diagnose, monitor, and treat disorders of the vestibular and auditory system (Padden and Tom 71). Psychologists also have opportunity to work in this community. For instance, counseling and clinical psychologists can provide psychological services for deaf people of all ages in mental health clinics and hospitals such as, assessment, therapy and counseling. Social workers are also required in the deaf community and this is because they provide a broad range of services to the deaf individuals. The knowledge and skills developed by the social workers prepare the deaf for career opportunities in addition to empowering them to know their rights (Berke

Evans and Blackmores Decision Making Assignment

Evans and Blackmores Decision Making - Assignment Example It should be noted that as the acquisition of the new machine will entail discarding the old, all options will benefit from the revenue of selling the old machine. Due to equity considerations, this report opted to disregard the salvage value of the three machines on the sixth year. Since the salvage value of Models B and C cannot be determined, it is more rational to omit the revenue to be derived from the future sale of the machines. The payback period is one of the simplest ways in ascertaining the feasibility of an investment. This tool is used to determine the length of time that the company can recoup its cash outlay. Table 1 shows the computed payback period for the three options. Quantitative analyses show that Model C or the machine from France is the best choice as it has a relatively shorter payback period of 3 years and an NPV of 16,455. However, using the qualitative information supplied by the managers of Evans and Blackmore Model C is the worst choice as the company will be incurring a high training cost together with the lack of local maintenance firm to service the machine. The last factor mentioned is seen to erode the cost savings generated from the machine. It is irrefutable that maintenance services for a machine is very important as it will help the company fully realize the expected gains from Model C. In case of defects, it can be seen that the costs associated with finding a foreign maintenance firm to restore the machine can offset the high NPV and cause disruption in operation. This report recommends that Evans and Blackmore choose Machine A or the machine from USA. Model B is ruled out as it generates a negative NPV. The rationale of the choice is that Model A has a positive NPV though significantly lower compared to Model C. The presence of a local firm to maintain the machine is a significant advantage. 2.0 Make or Buy Decision The quantitative analysis of the make or buy decision faced by Evans and Blackmore is shown in Table 3. It can be seen that the increase in labor cost coupled with the decrease in material costs brought down the per unit cost to 51.94. The computed values are for 8000 units of component X. Table 3 shows that manufacturing 8000 units of component X will entail the company 415,520 while buying will give a cost of $480,000 ($400,000 for the components and $80,000 for stockholding.) Table 3. Make or Buy Decision This report favors the in-house production of component X instead of outsourcing it. The cost of manufacturing the component is relatively lower as shown in the above computation (Table 3). Another important consideration is the stockholding cost associated with outsourcing. It should be noted that the demand for component X is stable and there is even a possibility that

Logistical and Value Chain Strategies at Philips

Logistical and Value Chain Strategies at Philips 1.1 Introduction Philips is the multinational enterprise that I have chosen for this assignment. Philips is a company originated from Eindhoven, the Netherlands and was founded in year 1891 by Anton and Gerard Philips (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Philips begun manufacturing carbon-filament lamps and by the turn of the century, had become one of the largest producers in Europe (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). In year 1914 to 1945, the incandescent lamp, and gas discharge lamps proved more efficient in generating light after the improvements were made, so it has comes out new products there are X-ray tube and radio valve (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Start from 1970 until today, the revolutionary developments such like the introduction of CD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc show that Philips research has been tied much more closely to industrial and business activities (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Philips also continue innovating new products such as Ambilight which can brought a new dimension to TV viewing and developed Lumiramic which is a groundbreaking new phosphor technology for energy efficient white LEDs (Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V, 2004-2010). Based on Mapsofworld.com (2008), Philips is one of the biggest electronics companies in the world and known as market leader in energy saving lighting solutions, medical diagnostic imaging, consumer electronic and others. Although Philips have comes out many types of electronic products, such like television, radio, MP3 player but their core product are lamps. Which means Philips is more expertise or profession in making lamps. 1.2 Philips is a Multinational Corporate (MNC) MNC is a company that has headquarters in one country has operations in other countries (Wall, Minocha and Rees, 2010, pg28). Besides, company that place their manufacturing, sales, or service subsidiaries in more than one foreign country are known as MNC too (Farlex, Inc., 2010). Normally MNC will develop new products in home country after that manufactures those products in foreign country such as Third World country in order to gain the trade advantages and economies of labour and materials (Farlex, Inc., 2010). By operate business at foreign country, MNC also help in develop that particular country through create wealth, job opportunities, and improve technologies (Farlex, Inc., 2010). Philips is one of the Multinational Corporate (MNC) too. There are more than 60 countries all over the world are the branches of Philips, including Brazil which is the place that produced equipment (Clarity Digital Group LLC d/b/a Examiner.com). The branches of Philips are located in Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Korea and others country. In addition, Philips maintains the research centre at home country, Netherland because they have the technology and are more expert in innovating and design new products. Philips placed their manufacturer in host country such as China and Thailand, to gain economies of scale by having a cheaper labour cost. 1.3 Definition of Logistics Chain and Value Chain At first I will define what is mean by logistics chain and value chain. Logistics chain is parts of the supply chain process such as transportation and inventory control. The logistics activities are repeated many times throughout the channel through which raw materials are transforming into finished goods and consumer value is added (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg7). Besides, logistic chain defines as the successive steps comprising a logistic-process in a particular industry (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). Whereas, the value chain is the activities that convert raw materials into finished goods and creating value at each of the making process (Farlex, Inc., 2010). The primary activities that included in the value chain are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). The secondary activities included in the value chain are firm infrastructure, human resource management, technological development and purchasing (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). The primary activities of value chain play an important role in the whole value chain, because the activities are start from getting raw materials and then through manufacture and process it to become a finished goods, then prepare to sell to customer and the last step is after sales service such like warranty. The secondary activities are supporting the primary activities, such as procurement means purchase raw materials to run the inbound logistics. Besides, logistics chain is the process that control the flow of stocks and storage of finished products, and also sent the finished products from point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customer requirements (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg4). Thus the logistic chain and value chain are so important for a company. 2. Logistical and Value Chain Strategies 2.1 Logistical Strategies Logistics are the activities that including materials management and distribution. The materials management activity help Philips plan how to control their inventory level in the most effective ways and do not keep too many inventories which can add cost to the logistics activity. The example of logistical strategy that can manage the inventory of a company is Inventory Management Software (SAP). For the distribution activity, Philips can choose what transportation modes that is most suitable use in deliver the finished products from warehouse to distribution centres and lastly to customer. The example of logistic strategy that can help to manage the distribution activity is by outsourcing to the third party logistics. Logistics strategy of a company is to define the most cost effective of the service levels that perform by the logistics organization of the company (About.com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). Besides, the logistic strategies can give competitive advantage and help to specific product lines, specific countries or specific customers (About.com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). By the way, Philips does have implemented few logistic strategies in its overseas operations. For example, the host country of Philips which is Philips Malaysia has implemented few logistical strategies, there are outsource logistics to third party logistics and adopt Inventory Management software. The reason that Philips Malaysia implements logistic strategy is to adapt to the flexibility of supply chain by make changes to organization to provide a best service levels (About. com, a part of The New York Times Company, 2010). 2.2 Value Chain Strategies Value chain is same as value-adding activities which are transform inputs into outputs, then add to the bottom line and leading to competitive advantage (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). The inbound logistics activities are materials handling, warehousing and inventory control of raw materials, operations are the processes such as packaging, assembly and machining, outbound logistics activities are delivery vehicle operation, scheduling and order processing (QuickMBA.com, 1999-2010). Besides, the secondary activities of value chain such as technology is an important source of competitive advantage, because company need to innovate to reduce costs and sustain competitive advantage , technology that were include are production technology, internet marketing activities, customer relationship management and so on (Marketing Teacher Ltd., 2010). The value chain strategy can bring many benefits to a company. Those benefits are gain economies of scale, improved information, reduce cost of production and so on (Government of Alberta, 2008-2010). The value chain strategies implemented by Philips on its overseas operations are outsourcing value chain activity to China, joint venture with China and move all factories to Thailand. 3. Philips Logistical and Value Chain Strategies 3.1 Logistic strategies that implemented by Philips Malaysia company 3.1.1 Outsource logistics activity to third party logistics: The third party logistics defined as the activity of outsourcing activities which related to Logistics and Distribution (Logistics List, 2005-2010). From the logistic view, third party acts as the parties that help other company to transport products to retailers (Logistics List, 2005-2010). Philips in Malaysia does have outsourced their distribution activities to third party logistic, such as NST Logistic Company. Thats mean Philips Malaysia do not have to take part in the process which is sending products to retailers from their manufacture factory. NST Logistic Company job is getting the products from manufacture factory of Philips Malaysia and deliver those products to retailers and customers of Philips Malaysia. The reason that Philips Malaysia decided to outsource logistics activities to third party logistic is to reduce capital, which mean minimizing the level of investment in the logistics system and maximizing the return on logistics assets (Ballou, R. H., 2004, pg36). For example, by outsourcing logistics activities, Philips Malaysia do not have to own or rent a warehouse to store finish products that prepare deliver to customers because NST Logistic Company will help to store finish products and deliver to customer of Philips Malaysia. Another reason is Philips Malaysia found that NST Logistics Company is more expert in logistic activities. For example, NST Logistics Company manages more than 100,000 sq ft of warehouse space through its subsidiary Smart Warehousing Service and also sub contracted trucks ranging from 1 ton box trucks to 20 tons containers (NST LOGISTICS SDN BHD, 2008).With the expertise, Philips Malaysia can ensure their customers have receive a best logistic services. 3.1.2 Adopt the SAP Inventory Management Software: SAP is known as System Application Products, which creates a common centralised database for all the applications running in a company (EzineArticles.com, 2010). Philips Malaysia is adopting SAP Inventory Management software helps in manage their inventories such as raw materials and finished products. The functions of SAP Inventory Management software are record and track materials on the basis of both quantity and value (SAP). With the software, the warehouse workers can track the quantity and value of materials, perform physical inventory, and optimize warehouse resources (SAP). For example, the warehouse workers can plan, enter, and document warehouse and internal stock movements by managing goods receipts and issues, storage, physical stock transfers and so on (SAP). Philips Malaysia implement the inventory management software is because they found that their warehouse management are not efficient. For instance, the inventory holding cost is high. Those inventory holding cost are capital cost, service cost and storage cost (WebFinance, Inc., 2010). Philips Malaysia needs to pay the costs of stock management, the raw materials, and insurance. 3.2 Value chain strategies that implemented by Philips Company 3.2.1 Outsourcing: Outsourcing means subcontracting a part of activity to a third party company to perform, although that activity could otherwise be performed by in-house workers (Hinzie Media Inc., 2008-2010). Normally a company decided to outsource some of the production activity is due to some reason such like lack of expertise, cost effectiveness and competitive advantage. Philips does have outsourced their value chain activity to China. Philips decided to not make the gear lamps by themselves and choose to buy the gear lamps components from China. This is because Philips found that if make the gear lamps by themselves, it would more costly. For example, in the inbound logistic activity of Philips, Philips buys components which are known as gear lamps from China and use on assemble process and finally comes out a finished product such like lamps. The reasons that Philips outsources gear lamps to China are due to the political environment, economic environment and technological environment. For the political environment, because there is no political risk in China such as inflation, so the operating cost wont be high (Wall, Minocha and Rees, 2010, pg134). In the economic aspect, due to the large population in China, Philips believed that the consumer purchasing power over there will be high. Besides, on the technological aspect China are more expert in making gear lamps compare to others country. 3.2.2 Joint- Venture with China: Philips joint venture in China since 1985 and now Philips hold 23 joint ventures and wholly owned enterprise with employing 14000 people nationwide (Hangzhou Jiaoyu science and Technology Co., Ltd, 2005-2009). For example, Philips-Shanghai Yaming Lighting Co., Ltd in China is a joint-venture with Philips Lighting, Netherlands (Focus Technology Co., Ltd., 2010). The Energy Saving Lamp is manufacture by the joint venture corporate between Philips, Netherlands and China. The reason that Philips joint venture with China is because in China their labour cost will be lower than in Netherlands. This is because China has a large population, so there are many people can work, and the salary of worker will be cheaper. Whereas, in Netherlands, the population are much lesser than China, and people over there are not willing to work in factory some more they require a high paid salary. Another reason is build a factory in Netherlands was too costly compare to China. Other than that, the infrastructure in China is so convenient. So that, Philips decided to joint venture with China, by operate their manufacturing with China corporate. 3.2.3 Move all factories to Thailand: Philips decided close all the lamps manufacturing factory in Malaysia and Singapore, and shift to Thailand. Philips Thailand is the corporate that supplying lighting to Asia Pacific, such as Philips Malaysia and Philips Singapore (SIAM FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLC., 1999-2004). Philips Thailand core activity is focusing in manufacturing and selling lamps (SIAM FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLC., 1999-2004). The reason that Philips moves all lamps manufacturing factory to Thailand is due to the geographical location of Thailand. Since that Thailand is situated in a good location, which is nearby to Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong and others Asia Pacific. So, its very convenient for Malaysia and Singapore to order inventory from Philips Thailand. For instance, Philips Thailand can deliver inventory to Philips Malaysia by using truck or ship. Another reason is, by centralize all the lamps manufacturing factory to Thailand, it can help Philips to gain the economies of scale. The economies of scale define as the increasing efficiencies of the production of goods as the number of goods being produced increases and the average costs of producing a good will lower as each additional good is produced (Learnthat.com, 1998-2004). Other advantages that can obtain after centralize lamps production in Thailand are maximizing production capacity, improvement to a constant product quality, and improve o rder and delivery lead time to the respective country. 4. Recommendations After found out all the logistical and value chain strategies that implemented by Philips on its overseas operations currently, I would like to suggest some changes that might be require to its logistical and value chain strategies over the next few years. Firstly, the value chain strategies used by Philips are outsourcing and joint venture with China companies. In view of economic issue nowadays, Chinas economy environment keep on improving at a very fast pace and also getting more and more vibrant. So that, in the next few coming years you will realize that the cost of operation will be getting more and more expensive. For instance, workers demand for higher wages and more benefits. Other than that, the values of properties in China also keep on rising and double up, such as the prices of land and factories. In order to solve this problem, I would like to recommend Philips to reduce the number of production centres in China, which means reduce the number of manufacturing factories in China. By this way, Philips can cut down the cost of operating and achieving the economies of scale in production. With the reducing numbers of operating factories, automatically the cost of workers and costs of management will be decrease too. Besides, Philips can also think of manufacturing more high-end products in China, such as the Philips LED lamps. With this high value products, it can helps to cover the rising workers costs that would going to be happen in years to come. Moving the operations to another country is not a good solution, because China has a large domestic market, moving out meaning losing that market. Actually there is a risk to centralize all the factories in Thailand. As we know, Thailand is facing an unstable political environment now. It is forecast that the unstable political environment of Thailand would prolong and it will affect the operation of Philips Thailand in the next few coming years. Hence, Philips can think of shift the manufacturing factories in Thailand to either Vietnam or Myanmar. The reason is because Myanmar and Vietnam are neighbor countries of Thailand. Both the countries are just situated nearby Thailand. It would not be a big impact in terms of geographical location. Firstly we talk about Vietnam, for the past ten years, Vietnam has an open trade policy which encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI) to their country. At the same time, infrastructures in Vietnam are keeping on improving too. Vietnam is not lacking of human resources as well such as technical workers, management teams and etc. The political situation in Myanmar is continues to improve and investment environment also getting better and better, so Philips can consider to move manufacturing branch to Myanmar as well. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, Philips as a multinational corporate realizes that the logistics chain and value chain activities are so important for the whole logistic and supply chain management. The logistic and value chain activities are the whole processes of transform raw materials into finished goods then distribute to warehouses and finally deliver the finished products from the point of origin to the point of consumption. For example, from all the small component parts such as gear lamps go through the manufacturing process and finally become finished goods known as lamp. In order to let the logistic and value chain activities run smoothly, Philips have implemented few logistical strategy and value chain strategy in the host country such as Philips Malaysia, Philips Thailand, and China. Philips Malaysia has outsourced the logistics activities to third party logistics which provide the transportation and warehouse services. Besides, Philips Malaysia are using SAP inventory management software to management their warehouse activities. Other than that, Philips had decided to buy the components parts from China rather than make it by own. Other than outsourcing to China, Philips does have joint venture with China corporate. Philips also centralized all the lamps manufacturing factories in Thailand. Although Philips had implemented the logistical and value chain strategies in the overseas operations, but there are some external factors that can affect the operations of Philips corporate. Those external factors are such like political issue, economy issue, technological issue and etc. So, Philips need to have some changes on the current logistical and value chain strategies. Lastly, Philips should always get ready to face the changes that might affect the current logistical and value chain strategies by find out the most suitable ways to overcome the problem.

Lender Liability and the Duty of Good Faith :: essays research papers

Lender Liability and the Duty of Good Faith I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction From time to time, lenders and their attorneys announce that lender liability is no longer an issue with which the lending community needs to be concerned. What usually prompts this proclamation of the death of lender liability is a recent case in which a court has summarily rejected a borrower’s claim that the lender violated the duty of good faith and fair dealing. Many courts have rejected borrowers’ lawsuits which are based on allegations of the violation of the lender’s duty of good faith. Nevertheless, lender liability should continue to be an area of concern to lenders. Although courts often dismiss cases based on a borrower’s claims of lender bad faith, in other cases courts find that lenders have indeed engaged in conduct that constitutes bad faith. Most courts carefully examine the unique facts of each case, consider the testimony of experts, and listen to the ever-inventive arguments of counsel. A loan agreement, like every other contract governed by the Uniform Commercial Code (the â€Å"U.C.C.†), imposes on both the borrower and the lender â€Å"an obligation of good faith in its performance or enforcement.† This simple good faith performance obligation may appear to be an uncontroversial codification of a basic, minimal standard of human behavior. It is proving, however, to be problematic to commercial lenders. Some courts have been quick to hold that, under certain circumstances, a lender, which believed it was merely exercising its contractual rights, nevertheless may have breached the duty of good faith performance obligation. For example, in 1985 the Sixth Circuit, invoking the good faith performance obligation, affirmed a jury verdict awarding $7,500,000 to a borrower whose lender refused to advance funds under a loan agreement, which specifically and unequivocally permitted the lender to exercise sole and absolute discretion to refuse to advance additional funds. The Alaska Supreme Court, likewise invoking the good faith performance obligation, held that a borrower could recover both actual and punitive damages from a lender who had taken possession of collateral without notice, notwithstanding the unambiguous terms of the loan and security agreement authorizing such repossession. On the other hand, many courts have abandoned the imposition of good faith obligations on the lender beyond what is set forth in certain loan agreements. In 1987, the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Massachusetts held that the holder of a demand note does not need a good faith reason or any reason at all to demand payment.

Emerging Trends in Marketing

Marketing is everywhere. Formally or informally, people and organizations engage in a vast number of activities that we could call marketing. Indian consumer today is economically far better off than his earlier generations. The coming years will bring full of high-return marketing opportunities. By closely watching the hottest trends, a marketer can make smart choices that let him step ahead of his slower-moving competitors. In these terms, marketers nationwide are setting their plans for future by adopting new ways of marketing. Thus an entrepreneur can use some of these tactics to reach its customers in the coming years.It aims to provide information to solve Managerial dilemmas in all functional areas. This conference will provide an opportunity to enhance knowledge and skills required to solve business problems and meet the challenges of a fast paced decision making environment. Today marketers focus on engaging the customers, offering them value and a customer experience which is innovative and customized. Consumers today are becoming digitally conscious and marketers are leveraging this opportunity to position their brands in a clutter breaking manner and gain competitive edge.A highly competitive environment, knowledgeable consumers and fast pace of technology are keeping business enterprises on their toes. Today management and its concept have become key for survival of any business entity. Good marketing has become an increasingly vital ingredient for business success and marketing profoundly affects our day-today life. It is embedded in everything we do – from clothes we wear to the websites we click on, to the ads we see. Marketing trends look even more digital in 2012. Mobile versions of websites are becoming the smartest trend.This conference aims at exploring diverse facets of emerging marketing trends to offer implemental managerial inputs. Through various academic deliberations, the forum shall be used as a platform to disseminate new kn owledge and leverage benefits from existing marketing know-how. This conference will provide an opportunity to enhance knowledge and skills required to meet the challenges of a fast paced decision making environment. The Conference aims at bringing together the best minds, both in the corporate and academic fields, to one forum and discusses the issues, challenges, strategies and recent trends in area of marketing.

Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Example

Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Example Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay Child Abuse In Vietnam Essay child maltreatment is defined as â€Å"Any recent act or failure to move on the portion of a parent or caretaker which consequences in decease, serious physical or emotional injury, sexual maltreatment or development ; or an act or failure to move which presents an at hand hazard of serious harm.†Surveies from many parts in the universe shows that about 40 million kids up to 15 are exposed to child maltreatment every twelvemonth ( WHO,2001, cited in theInternational Center for Assault Prevention ) and 23 % of the entire population reported to hold been physically abused in their childhood ( WHO, Jan 2014 ) . Although child ill-treatment is non a new issue that it takes topographic point in every society, this scenario must be eliminated because of its terrible effects. Unfortunately, Vietnam has witnessed a important rise in child maltreatment rate in the recent old ages. Thanh Nien News ( 2011 ) reported that 900 kids were sexually abused each twelvemonth while many emerged child maltreatment instances has shocked the community and increased their anxiousness of the national kid protection and intervention. Actually, the fact that in Viet Nam there is no clear definition of â€Å"child abuse† makes it harder for the authorities to undertake this job. This paper will inform readers about this dismaying state of affairs and discourse the causes of child ill-treatment on kids every bit good as some steps taken late. Discussion of findings An overall image In the last decennary, Vietnamese people has continuously amazed by the bad scenes of child mistreatment in their ain state ; but what distressed them the most is that those who abuse the kids are no 1 else but their parents or relations. In 24/4/2010, an 14-year-old male child named Nguyen Hao Anh was found with legion hurts, maturating lesions, several cicatrixs by hot Fe, broken castanetss and 3 dentitions pulled by plyerss, which can remind us of some barbarian anguishs in ancient times using to slaves. As revealed in the populace, the male child was employed in a shrimp farm at the age of 12 and since so, he was on a regular basis viciously beaten by the employers, his mother’s familiarity, merely because of some negligible errors, left entirely when he did nil wrong. These cold interventions had violated earnestly the basic right of kids and became the grounds to condemn the employers to 23-year prison. However, it’s non a long clip since Hao Anh’s instance was brought into visible radiation that on September 2010, the public one time once more felt incensed about the instance of a 9-month-old yearling acquiring beaten and abused by her ain female parent and step-father ( Tri Thuc Tre, cited in Doi vocal phap luat on-line intelligence, 2014 ) . What is more, Trinh Duc Hoa ( 17 old ages old ) was arrested for coercing his 2 cousins to go mendicants. Not holding obeyed the uncle’s order, the youngest kid Trinh Nguyen Thanh Duc was slapped, struck by a 5 metre rod, stung by firing coffin nails and left to hunger. As reported by the vicinity, there was no twenty-four hours that the kids didn’t face the force of the insane addicted uncle. Bruises and crestless waves covered dumbly on their organic structure ( Cong Q. 2013 ) . Hundreds of instances of girls sexually assaulted by their male parents are no longer strange to Vietnamese, but the populace are ferocious. No 1 can conceive of how households and relations, who are sup posed to give their darling kids attention and concern, could impair them cruelly like this. Kindergartens and twenty-four hours attention centres are besides losing their belief from parents due to the ill-famed instance of Phuong Anh private nursery school in HCM City. Shown in the picture distributing online is a adult female slapping, strangulating the small male child ( Le Tuan Khang ) and agitating his caput to hale him into eating without vacillation and without caring about his choking on rice. More cruelly, one small miss was held up side down and threatened to be dropped in to the H2O membranophone because she ate and drank easy. ( Duc P, Hoang L. 2013 ) . The school yearss of those little childs turned out to be atrocious incubus that they hopelessly screamed to wake up. The female parent of Khang explosion into cryings when seeing the cartridge holder. Having noticed the black contusions on her son’s organic structure every bit good as his recent unusual behaviours, she neer thought that her boy had been mistreated so impolitely. She said Khang didn’t have good slumber, woke up all of a sudden at dark and vomited ( Chi M. 2013 ) . They are merely some marks related to the effects caused by kid maltreatment. Harmonizing to the factsheet available on The Child Welfare Information Gateway ( July 2013 ) , the abused kids can acquire physical, psychological, behavioural and social influence following them until maturity, which leads to several wellness jobs and offense committee. Research workers with the National Academy of Sciences besides gave information about an inflow of hard currency provided each twelvemonth for the cost of wellness attention service, jurisprudence execution and kid public assistance stemming from kid maltreatment a nd disregard. Therefore, it’s no longer a personal job go oning in a individual household but a societal issue. What to fault? The authority’s finding to acquire rid of child maltreatment has urged them to calculate out why many kids in Viet Nam are abused and neglected every twelvemonth though scope of solutions have been given out. The reply, unhappily, lies in the thousand-year-old Eastern civilization. Like an old expression goes â€Å"Spare the rod, spoil the child† , penalty and rigorous regulations are believed to do the kid go a respectful, well behaved individual. Nguyen Thi Oanh, a sociologist, indicated that it is the ‘rod culture’ that prompted people to see hitting a kid as normal. This is evidenced in the fact that 58.3 % of Vietnamese kids was severely scolded, struck when they are non submissive to their parents or do a error, harmonizing to a study by Viet Nam Commission for Population, Family and Children in 2006, and that the instance with a kid severely injured is merely indicted as ‘social disorder’ , non child maltreatment ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) . T here is strictly a little boundary between good parental penalty and force ; and parents when angry can easy accidentally traverse the line while our kids become victims. It is besides Eastern civilization that become parents’ alibi for their behaviour. They defend that they have the right to convey up and educate childs in their ain manner, which can’t be interfered by any governments. This alleged patriarchalism that formed in the life manner many Moons ago has blurred parents’ consciousness of both human right and effects of kid maltreatment on children’s development, particularly in conservative and traditional household. Another major cause of child mistreatment is poverty. The families with economic trouble can give rise to force per unit area and struggles, which kids will straight endure. Additionally, when many households live in poorness, kid labour ensued as kids are imposed on working, normally on utmost status, to gain for life. The instance of Hao Anh and Thanh Duc are striking illustrations for this. Several disreputable kid ferociousnesss in some private kindergartens have demanded psychologists and sociologists to carry on many analyses. Nguyen Kim Thanh, head of the pre-school section in Ho Chi Minh City’s Office of Education and Training, gave his sentiment about the job. He pointed out the ground for the ferociousness is that baby-sitters in those family-owned kindergartens are lacking in accomplishments and duty for the occupation ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) . In an article published in BBC Vietnamese, the writer called Truong Yen claimed pre-school instruction is a specific country of instruction that requires peculiar proficiency. Still, due to the descent of present Vietnam Education system, slack direction of the quality of baby-sitters has appeared. Consequently, many pre-school instructor presents lack passion and love for kids, he indicated. The big figure of kids they have to care for ( normally 30 to 40 kids per category ) besides drives instructors to go impatient and cranky. Equally good as that, low income and low life status put them into a batch of load and force per unit area ( Tran D.T.L, 2010 ) , which is anterior to the mere profit-making intent of opening private twenty-four hours attention establishments. To bring around a disease, we must cognize the beginning of it. However, with those grounds given, the ‘child abuse’ disease is proved to be barely solved when a figure of instances reported are merely tip of the iceberg. Solutions Confronting the issue, the authorities and organisations have proposed some solutions. However, these solutions still have many obstructions to get the better of. Against kid ill-treatment in twenty-four hours attention establishments, The HCM City People’s Committee has decided to shut private pre-schools with no learning licence, but it’s hard to command all unregistered 1s. Paralleled with the rise of kids, the addition of private establishments is a great aid for overladen province kindergartens, which merely receive around 40 per centum of the entire kids, said the local functionaries in HCM City ( Nguyen L. 2013 ) . Therefore, it will be a long manner until the determination can take consequence. Child Protection Laws has besides been enacted to contend against kid maltreatment, but whether they are efficient still wonders the society. Duong Tuyet Mien of Hanoi Law University responded to this state of affairs â€Å"We do nt implement the Torahs properly† . Harmonizing to Mien, a instance is charged lawfully as a condemnable one merely when the kid has 11 % of their organic structure damaged ( monoamine oxidase, 2008 ) . Besides, there would be more ascertained incidents if more informants were concerted The suggestion of seting cameras in schoolroom besides gets a great trade of ailment and disapproval from the populace. As stated in Viet Nam News ( 2013 ) , they argue that they want to see no kid ferociousnesss in schoolroom, non an already happened incident recorded in the camera. Both kids and instructor shouldn’t be in full-day supervising, which breaks the natural and existent ambiance of the category. Many people recommended that kindergarten should use more well-trained and experient instructors instead than utilizing camera system. Decision From all findings above, it is clear that kid maltreatment and disregard should be taken to great consideration since the figure of instances has rocketed every twelvemonth, which will impact severely on our immature coevals. However, what are effectual solutions to the issue still mystifies politicians, pedagogues and governments because of its complicated grounds. Although it will be a long advancement till the twenty-four hours kid maltreatment is eradicated in Viet Nam, we need to unify against this societal immorality. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www.internationalcap.org/abuse_statistics.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs150/en/index.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thanhniennews.com/2010/pages/20111216-child-abuse-rises-in-vietnam.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.doisongphapluat.com/phap-luat/an-ninh-hinh-su/nhung-vu-bao-hanh-tre-em-kinh-di-nhat-viet-nam-a16311.html # .UvEGKmJ_sx5 hypertext transfer protocol: //dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/chau-be-3-tuoi-bi-cau-danh-dap-da-man-bat-di-an-xin-796006.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //tuoitre.vn/Giao-duc/585719/day % C2 % A0doa % C2 % A0tre-mam-non.html # ad-image-0 Child Welfare Information Gateway 2013 Long-term effects of kid maltreatment and disregard. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.childwelfare.gov hypertext transfer protocol: //english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/education/92151/more-child-abuse-cases-discovered no- solution-found.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ipsnews.net/2010/03/vietnam-reports-of-child-abuse-a-wake-up-call-for-parents-govt/ hypertext transfer protocol: //vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/tp-hcm-yeu-cau-dong-cua-truong-mam-non-khong-phep-2926904.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.irinnews.org/report/80059/vietnam-dramatic-rise-in-child-abuse-cases hypertext transfer protocol: //vietnamnews.vn/opinion/your-say/206086/training-better-than-cameras-to-stop-child-abuse-in-centres.html

Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essays

Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essays Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essay Gender discrimination in Sri Lanka Essay Womans favoritism in Sri Lanka Women favoritism is bad because it harms a adult female both physically and mentally while impacting the society negatively. By and large the word favoritism means doing determination based on some typical factors. Discrimination is the handling people otherwise based on forbidden favoritism factors such as race, age, sex, coloring material, disablement or national beginning. We hear many intelligence on the favoritism against adult females in Sri Lanka. Womans are the human existences who are largely discriminated. Who is a adult female? Why and how is she discriminated? How the adult females in Sri Lanka are discriminated? What are the stairss that can be taken to avoid adult females favoritism Sri Lanka? : The adult female is considered as the life blood of the universe. It is said that the universe exists because of the beams of the Sun and the milk of the female parent. it is the adult female who gives the birth to the hereafter. If there is no female parent at that place can neer be a hereafter. Although the adult females is the life of the universe, it is limited merely to the words. Is she truly treated as the most cherished life being on the universe? The gradualness, tenderness, and the subtleness of the adult female are the important characteristics of her spirit. But those tender feelings and elusive qualities of her can take her towards the favoritism. The wifehood and maternity has become the most important callings of the adult female. Naturally adult females are weaker than work forces. They are unable to execute work utilizing muscular or rational development. Harmonizing to biological factors, it is true that a adult female is incapable of making what work forces are cap able of. But what is about the denudation of the hurting while giving the birth to an baby? If the baby is a male child, he will go a adult male one twenty-four hours, he will be stronger than adult females, but can we bury that he came through the vagina of a adult female. It is said that the hurting she gets in a bringing is the most intolerable hurting in the universe. The adult female who cries due to a hurting she gets from a needle tip can bare the most painful experience that a human being can of all time confront. So, can we see her as a weaker one? Mahathma Gandhi, the male parent of non-violence, declared that â€Å"to name adult females the weaker sex is a libel ; it is a man’s unfairness to woman.† [ To the Women of India ( Young Indian, Oct,4,1930 ) ] In most pre industrial societies for illustration domestic jobs were relegated to adult females go forthing heavier plants such as hunting and ploughing to work forces. This ignored the fact that caring for kids and making such undertakings as milking cattles and rinsing apparels besides require heavy sustained labor. ( Rydan81-82 ) In the modern society a considerable figure of households are mother headed households. The adult females are responsibility bounded to make household a activities and they have become keepers. Fathers are considered as the natural defenders of the household. Then what about the adult females headed households in Sri Lanka? The war in Sri Lanka has resulted in a rise in the figure of female headed households in Northern and Eastern states in Sri Lanka. The adult females who are treated as the weaker, have to upbring her household. Womans are discriminated both physically and mentally. She can be physically discriminated because of her failing that is given by the nature. Prof.Savitry Goonesekere in her article in Sunday Observer on† Gender Violence Against women† references that, ’ a adult male beats a adult female about to decease because as reported late, she refused her husband’s repeated petitions to donate a kidney for Rs.500 000. This shows us that the adult females are discriminated physically by their ain hubbies excessively. The hubby is the 1 who should take attention of her. There is increasing grounds including from a recent study by the NGO† Woman in Need† that seeking alleviation against domestic force. Why do the adult females stay in such a opprobrious and riskful lives? As Charlotte Bronte writes in her novel, †Jane Eyre, † †I am a bird and no net ensnares me ; I am a free homo being with an independent will† , can all the adult females think that they are birds? It is said that a adult female could have on all the cherished jewelries and travel from the South of the state to the North without any problem in the antediluvian. But what can we see in the modern society? No adult female can even go by a coach without holding acrimonious experiences. One of my friends got a awful experience when she was one time travelling by coach. A adult male who seated near her had started to inquire about herself and arrant prophesies. She told me that it was a great problem for her and that she was scared. In add-on to that adult females are at a high hazard of sexual and physical force. Rapes are aggressively increased in our state over the past two decennaries despite the passage of Torahs. It is mentioned that, 1592rape incidents in2008, 1624in 2009,1854in 2010, 1636 until Nove.30,2011have occurred in Sri Lanka. ( Police Judicial Statics ) There is a stating by Bett Davis that â€Å"when a adult male gives his sentiment he’s a adult male. When a adult female gives her sentiment she is a bitch† . This is true as there is no importance given for the voice of the adult female. Can’t we take an action to avoid adult females favoritism in Sri Lanka? It is said that the adult female is to be protected by the codified Torahs of a state. Tree weaponries of administration the executive, judiciary, legislator are lawfully responsible for the minimizing of adult females favoritism in a state. There are several stairss taken by the Sri Lankan authorities against the adult females favoritism. Rape in Sri Lanka is prohibited by Chapter xvi of the Penal Code. [ CEDAW ( 2010a ) p.24 ] The Prevention of Domestic Violence Act was enacted in 2005. [ The Women and Media Collective ( 2010 ) ] Sexual torment is a condemnable offense transporting a maximal sentence of 5years in prison. [ CEDAW ( 2010a ) pp.23-24 ] Sri Lanka is a signer to the Convention on the Elimination of all signifiers of Discrimination Against Women. [ a landmart UN understanding. But regulations and ordinances are merely limited to the fundamental law. Still Sri Lankan adult female doesn’t acquire adequate figure of seats in the parliament. Womans in Sri Lanka won the right to vote in 1931 17 old ages before the independency. But still they get less figure of opportunities to be elected. Rape instances are reported daily without any decreation.Little misss who are about to blossom are spoiled twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. What will be the destiny of the hereafter maternity if the society treats the adult females in this fatal mode? The adult female should be empowered with self finding. Her backward outlook must be arranged decently. The adult female must come to cognize that she is the 1 who gives the birth to the universe. The society must be more sensitive about the adult female. Why can’t they think that she is besides a societal animate being? The lone manner she differs from the adult male is sex. Those elusive and stamp qualities are given to her by the nature to lull her kid. The adult male is gifted with a strong muscular system to protect her and her kid, non to harm her. However the society must pay a complete attending towards this fatal societal issue, as it plays a large function with our hereafter in this S our Rhode Island Lankan society. We must acquire our custodies together to give a assisting manus to adult females who are discriminated and about to be discriminated. If we all can believe of the every adult female as one of our ain female parents, sisters and girls, the Sri Lanka could be made a better topographic point to populate in. Plants Cited Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. Unfpa.org/psa/wp-content/upload www.googlereads.com/quotes/ www.childwomeninm.gov.lk/web/ Sunday Observer.lk.Montage ( 30, Dec2012 ) 1

Web 2.0 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Web 2.0 - Essay Example Another advantage is low cost of communication across the world. A major disadvantage is over dependence on the internet which is not available all the time. It can also lead to loss of crucial data incase the computer crashes (University of Phoenix, 2011). Key impact of web 2.0 on business is that it is a marketing tool that is cheaper compared to convectional ways of marketing thus low operational cost and increase in revenue. It provides a platform where the organization interacts with their clients, prospects, service providers and suppliers. Based on the increased use of web 2.0, firms are able to create strong connection with various stakeholders regardless of their destinations. In this way, companies can regularly update all the parties concerned on the progress of their investment. As a result, the technology has led to expansion of companies globally as well as enhancement of stakeholders trust and loyalty towards their companies. University of Phoenix. (2011). Wireless infrastructure: Can our current system handle bandwidth demands? Retrieved from

Shipping Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shipping Law - Essay Example carriage and its acceptance by the shipper, including the advertisement of the carriage, the booking notice, any statements by agents, and other such evidence, with the bill of lading as the capstone. Since, the bill of lading is only signed by one party, the agent of the carrier, with the shipper or his forwarding agent, responsible for the description of the goods to be loaded or already loaded, the bill of lading has been described as a contract for adhesion or a standard form contract if the shipper is using the usual forms provided by the carrier. The named consignee, often the shipper himself, is also a party to bill of lading, first, by receiving the goods at its destination upon producing the bill of lading, and, second, as he may assume the risk covered by insurance during the voyage although he has not yet acquired title to the goods. (b) TC has indicated to Susan that he will accept liability to her for damage to half ofthe goods. He intends to limit this liability under the US Carriage of Goods by SeaAct 1936. Susan has said that as she is the lawful holder of the bills of lading, shecan sue him for all of the goods and that the Hague-Visby Rules will apply. IsSusan correct in these beliefs Hague-Visby Rules is one of the rule which defines the rights and duties of parties in a contract of carriage of goods by sea, insurance for goods, and transfer of title. The Hague and Hague- Visby rules are generally identical, except for provisions dealing with limitations of liability, third parties and a few minor areas. The Visby amendments to the Hague Rules increase the limits... As indicated earlier, the bill of lading is the best evidence of the contract of carriage, but the entire contract depends upon the offer of service by the carriage and its acceptance by the shipper, including the advertisement of the carriage, the booking notice, any statements by agents, and other such evidence, with the bill of lading as the capstone. Since, the bill of lading is only signed by one party, the agent of the carrier, with the shipper or his forwarding agent, responsible for the description of the goods to be loaded or already loaded, the bill of lading has been described as a contract for adhesion or a standard form contract if the shipper is using the usual forms provided by the carrier. The named consignee, often the shipper himself, is also a party to bill of lading, first, by receiving the goods at its destination upon producing the bill of lading, and, second, as he may assume the risk covered by insurance during the voyage although he has not yet acquired title to the goods. Hague-Visby Rules is one of the rule which defines the rights and duties of parties in a contract of carriage of goods by sea, insurance for goods, and transfer of title. The Hague and Hague- Visby rules are generally identical, except for provisions dealing with limitations of liability, third parties and a few minor areas. The Visby amendments to the Hague Rules increase the limits of the carrier liability, change the method of expressing the limitation amount (by weight).